Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
geology
|
examines the world around us
|
|
|
3 layers of the planet
|
crust, mantle, core
|
|
|
oceanic crust
|
thin, young, dense, balsaltic
|
|
|
continental crust
|
thick, old, less dense, granitic
|
|
|
asthenosphere
|
middle mandle
|
|
|
lithosphere
|
upper mantle and crust, forms plates
|
|
|
3 main extractable minerals
|
gypsum, halite, flint
|
|
|
characteristics of minerals
|
inorganic, crystalline framework, physical attributes, self-replicating, set chemical make-up, building blocks of rocks
|
|
|
igneous rocks
|
come from melted rock, type depends on cooling
|
|
|
lava
|
igneous rocks at the surface
|
|
|
magma
|
melted igneous rock
|
|
|
basalt
|
fast cool at the surface, few to no crystals
|
|
|
granite
|
slow cool underground, lots of large crystals
|
|
|
metamorphic rocks
|
derive from intermediate heat and pressure, often from other rocks
|
|
|
sedimentary rocks
|
formed by accumulation of small particles that have been weathered and transported (usually by water)
|
|
|
till
|
all debris carried by a glacier
|
|
|
glacial eratics
|
largest pieces carried by a glacier
|
|
|
ZOA>ZOW
|
advancing
|
|
|
ZOA<ZOW
|
retreating
|
|
|
ZOA=ZOW
|
standstill, glacial pause
|
|
|
ground moraine
|
occurs when glacier retreats at constant pace
|
|
|
end moraine
|
formed by glacial pause
|
|
|
outwash plain
|
series of streams produced where glacier is melting at the tip
|
|
|
braided stream
|
criss-cross patter of water, lots of sediments
|
|
|
kettle lake
|
formed from ice blocks in the glacier, usually isolated, form bogs
|
|
|
kame
|
comes from crevasses in glacier, usually many in a landscape
|
|
|
drumlin
|
teardrop shaped, not sure what causes them to form
|
|
|
esker
|
under-ice river leaves behind a hill that looks like an inverted river channel
|
|
|
3 systems of glaciers in OH
|
Kansas, Illinoian, Wisconsin (most recent
|
|
|
components of soil
|
abiotic substances, detritus, living organisms, water, air/gas
|
|
|
O-horizon
|
close to 100% organic material
|
|
|
A-horizon
|
topsoil, richest blend of organic/inorganic materials, most lifeforms
|
|
|
E-horizon
|
end of leechage
|
|
|
B-horizon
|
clay pan/fragipan/subsoil, raw inorganic material, infertile
|
|
|
C-horizon/R-horizon
|
parent material
|
|
|
field capacity
|
how much water soil holds
|
|
|
rhizosphere
|
located in A-horizon, lots of organisms
|
|
|
diversity
|
species richness and abundance/evenness
|
|
|
sere
|
each stage in sequence of succession
|
|
|
climax community
|
mature and stable, questioned
|
|
|
reciprocal replacement
|
organism moving into an environment modifies it and replaced by better organisms
|
|
|
early successional sepcies
|
pioneers, r-selection, able to disperse over long distances, many offspring, little to no protection or energy provision, rapid growing, thrive in dist environ
|
|
|
later successional species
|
k-selection, fewer offspring, larger, well-protected, abundance of E
|
|
|
primary succession
|
occurs in areas that have never supported life, lack soil, long
|
|
|
secondary succession
|
initiated by disturbance event
|
|
|
lentic system
|
standing water, sluggish
inc. ponds and lakes |
|
|
lotic system
|
has a current, moving
inc. streams and rivers |
|
|
riffle
|
diverse, large substrate, turbulent, productive
|
|
|
run/glide
|
water movement, slow current, mid-level depth
|
|
|
pools
|
no current, deeper, muddy, cooler, large fish
|
|
|
spate
|
flood
|
|
|
headwater stream
|
emerging from the ground, narrow, Riparian forest, E from falling leaves
|
|
|
confluence
|
2 streams merge together
|
|
|
mid-river stream
|
no longer covered by tress, sunlight, primary producers are periphyton
|
|
|
lower river
|
deep, trees no longer important, act more like lakes, primary production from phytoplankton
|
|
|
ephemeral
|
water in spring but often dry the rest of the year
|
|
|
cut bank
|
steep, fast-eroding side of a meandering stream
|
|
|
point/sand bar
|
deposition, slow moving side of a meandering stream
|
|
|
epilimnion
|
lots of oxygen, sunlight and Ps, dead material deposited down, runs low on nutrients by end of summer
|
|
|
metalimnion
|
thermodine barrier
|
|
|
hyolimnion
|
increased nutrients, anoxic by the end of summer
|
|
|
turnover
|
mixing that recharges entire lake, critical, occurs in fall and spring
|
|
|
dimictic
|
2 turnovers
|
|
|
eutrophic
|
well nourished, nutrient rich, we're dumping stuff into it
|
|
|
oligotrophic
|
nutrient poor, deep lakes, clear water
|
|
|
dystrophic
|
high humic organic content
|
|
|
wetlands
|
semiaquatic environments, shallow, standing water much if not all year
|
|
|
marshes
|
dominated by emergent plants
|
|
|
deep water swamps
|
wooded wetlands
|
|
|
riparian forested wetlands
|
bottomland hardwood forests, occur on flood plains- only flood occassionally
|
|
|
peatlands
|
low rates of decomp
|
|
|
ombrotrophic peatland
|
bog, formed by kettle lakes, underlying sandstone, all water from rain, sphagnum moss turns acidic
|
|
|
minerotrophic peatland
|
fen, water passes through bedrock, limestone, alkaline
|
|
|
vernal pool
|
small, temporary, isolated, provide essential breeding habitat, usually occur in spring, harsh environment
|
