Natural Disater Final

Front 1

Mass wasting is the ____________ ____________ movement of Earth material such as
regolith or solid rock under the influence of gravity.

Back 1

down slope

Front 2

What is regolith?

Back 2

Regolith is all of the materials lying between unweathered bedrock below and the Earth’s
surface above

Front 3

Gravity, a force, can be represented by a vector. A vector has both _____________ and
______________.

Back 3

Magnitude and direction

Front 4

Gravity acting across a sloped or inclined surface can be broken into a
__________________ and a ____________________ component.

Back 4

tangenital and normal

Front 5

________ defined as the downward and outward movement of slope‐forming
materials.

Back 5

landslide

Front 6

Landslides are classified on the basis of the type of material that existed prior to the
landslide and the type of movement that dominates during the landslide. what types of material that might exist prior to a landslide.

Back 6

rock, soil, mud, earth, debris

Front 7

what is the type of movement that might occur during a
landslide.

Back 7

fall, slide, spread, flow

Front 8

Rock is defined as any _______, _______, and firm mass that existed in its
natural place prior to a landslide.

Back 8

intact, hard and firm

Front 9

Soil is an aggregate of _________________ and ___________
_________________ ± organic material that formed from the in situ weathering
of rock or sediments.

Back 9

minerals and rock fragments

Front 10

What might fill the voids and spaces between mineral or rock fragments in a
soil?

Back 10

gas and water

Front 11

Material defined as earth is composed of

Back 11

80% or more particles smaller than 2 mm

Front 12

Material defined as mud is composed of

Back 12

80% or more particles smaller than 0.06 mm

Front 13

Material defined as debris is composed of

Back 13

20% to 80% particles larger than 2 mm

Front 14

A complex landslide commonly involves two or more of the classes
_______________, ______________, _______________, or _______________.

Back 14

flow, slide, fall, spread

Front 15

What are rock falls

Back 15

rock fall represents both a process and the resulting deposit. The process involves
the falling for some distance through the air, or the bouncing and rolling down slope of solid
material or soil on a steep slope. The typically broken and shattered material resulting from
this process is also called a rock fall

Front 16

What are topples?

Back 16

topple is a rock fall that involved the forward rotation of a detached block above a pivotal
point located in the lower part of the detached material. When the block detaches from the
substrate it appears to pitch and rotate forward

Front 17

What is a common term that is synonymous with slide

Back 17

topple

Front 18

A slide forms when a coherent mass of regolith or bedrock breaks free and then
slides down slope along either a ___________________ or ________________
surface.

Back 18

planar or curved

Front 19

What are the two major types of landslides that fall under the heading of slide

Back 19

translational and rotational

Front 20

What is a common term that is synonymous with slide?

Back 20

topple

Front 21

slide forms when a coherent mass of regolith or bedrock breaks free and then
slides down slope along either a ___________________ or ________________
surface.

Back 21

planar or curved

Front 22

What are the two major types of landslides that fall under the heading of slide?

Back 22

tranlational and rotatioal

Front 23

Is the surface of failure for a translational slide planar or curved

Back 23

planar

Front 24

Is the surface of failure for a rotational slide planar or curved

Back 24

curved

Front 25

How does a translational slide differ from a block slide

Back 25

block slide is a special type of translational slide. It involves material that is hard and
intact enough to slide down slope as a relatively coherent mass

Front 26

Liquefaction is the process by which water saturated, loose, cohesionless
sediments are transformed from a _______________ into a ______________
state.

Back 26

solid to a liquid-like

Front 27

On what type of a slope would a lateral spread likely occur on: gentle or steep

Back 27

gentle

Front 28

Failure during a lateral spread is caused by what

Back 28

liquefraction-as result of ground shaking from and earthquake

Front 29

Water‐saturated fine‐grained slope material that liquefies and then runs out,
leaving a bowl‐shaped depression on the sloping land surface are called
_______________.

Back 29

mudflows

Front 30

Are earthflows generally faster or slower than mudflows

Back 30

slower

Front 31

Material in an earthflow is composed of

Back 31

80% or more particles smaller than 2 mm

Front 32

How would you describe the outline of the source area, main track, and site of
deposition of an earthflow if you could view it in an airplane

Back 32

as an hour glass

Front 33

Given a steep sloped terrain with a mantle of loose coarse debris, what might
happen following an intense torrential rainfall or the melting of large amounts of
snow and ice during a spring thaw?

Back 33

debris flow will form

Front 34

A debris flow is commonly described as having the consistency of what common
mixture?

Back 34

wet cement

Front 35

Material in a debris flow is composed of

Back 35

20% to 80% particles larger than 2 mm

Front 36

Debris flows can reach speeds of

Back 36

56km/hr

Front 37

Can debris flows carry particles as large as a house?

Back 37

yes

Front 38

A mudflow differs from a debris flow in what way

Back 38

It is composed of finer grained material.

Front 39

The imperceptible slow and steady down slope movement of the regolith is
called _______________.

Back 39

creep

Front 40

List below at least 4 lines of evidence for creep

Back 40

Bent trees, roads, railroad tracks, retaining walls, and the down slope tilting of layered rocks

Front 41

Permafrost is soil that must remain frozen for at least _________ consecutive
years.

Back 41

two

Front 42

What happens to the topmost or surface portion of permafrost during the
summer?

Back 42

melts

Front 43

The slow imperceptible down slope motion of the topmost or surface portion of
permafrost is called _________________.

Back 43

Solifluction

Front 44

What common rock type underlies Mount Soledad in La Jolla, California

Back 44

shale

Front 45

Have geologists mapped ancient landslides in the Mount Soledad region

Back 45

yes

Front 46

A major right‐lateral strike‐slip fault system transects the Mount Soledad region
and is called the

Back 46

rose canyon

Front 47

Is there recent historical evidence of landslide activity in the Mount Soledad
area?

Back 47

yes

Front 48

On October 3rd, 2007, a large mass of the slope lying between Soledad Mountain
Road and Desert View Drive, La Jolla, California detached and began sliding down
slope. Given your answers to questions 50 through 53, should the residents of
this area have been surprised?

Back 48

no, the area is known for land slides

Front 49

Between March 4, 1995 and January 10, 2005 two landslides occurred at La
Conchita, California. How is the 1995 landslide classified

Back 49

complex slump‐earthflow

Front 50

Was anyone killed during the March 4, 1995 landslide

Back 50

no

Front 51

During the January 10, 2005 landslide was new material involved or did the
January 10 landslide simply reactive portions of the older slide

Back 51

SE portion of the old landslide material was reactivated

Front 52

How was the January 10, 2005 landslide at La Conchita classified

Back 52

debris flow

Front 53

How many people were killed by the January 10 landslide?

Back 53

10

Front 54

How would you describe the weather conditions that preceded the January 10,
2005 and March 4, 1995 landslides at La Conchita

Back 54

Intense long periods of rainfall preceded both landslides

Front 55

As it turns out, the January 10, 2005 and March 4, 1995 landslides at La Conchita
are only small parts of a much larger ancient landslide. What is the name of this
larger and more ancient feature

Back 55

The Rincon Mountain landslide

Front 56

Do you consider La Conchita a safe place to live? If not, then why not

Back 56

La Conchita, though beautiful is clearly not a safe place to live. As noted by Larry Gurrola,
other landslides are highly likely especially following intense long periods of rainfall