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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Formation of African American culture
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1. Adaptation of groups to each other.
2. Adaptation of culture to new environment 3. interaction with other groups in North America |
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Ancient Egypt
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- Nubian Pharaohs
-"Black Africa" |
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Great Zimbabwe
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-Southeast Africa
- 1300-1450 AD -large enclosures, walls around huts called "Dhake Huts" -Monolithic stones - 1000-18000 people -Trade with Iran and China |
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Number of people brought during slave trade
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10-12 million (men, women,children)
1/2 million to North America |
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Dutch in Jamestown
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- 20 indentured Africans servants to Jamestown temporary
-Restrictions gradually places on indentured servants by 1. lengthened terms of service 2. extended conditions to offspring |
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Quakers and slavery
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- in Pennsylvania
- Forbid slaves, prevented by British government -1688 |
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Slaves in colonies before American Revolution
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-1641: Massachusetts, First to legalize slavery
-1653: Maryland, all imported persons were slaves -1670: Virginia, denied right to vote and all imported persons were permanent slaves |
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People from which region of Africa were skilled rice cultivators and brought to the Carolinas to grow rice? What cultures developed there as a result of this?
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-Sierra Leone
-Gullah and Geechee Cultures - Krio of Sierra Leone - creole was formed language - pidgin was that they would pick and choose words to create an in between language |
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Nat Turner Revolt
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-Rebellion in 1831 in Southampton Country, Virginia
-killed 60 white -Turner was hanged -"confessions" |
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Other Revolts
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-1712 in New York City 21 slaves and 9 white people were killed
-1739 in South Carolina killed 81 white people -1800 in Richmond, VA by Gabriel Prosser. he was captured and hanged. White people started to get worried. -1822 in Charleston, SC by Denmark Vessey formed a conspiracy which allowed slaves from differetn farms to together. |
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Urban slaves
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-ship workers
-ropemakers -silersmiths -wood workers -market-women |
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Liberia
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-blacks from the US
-to different to coexists -leave America |
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Reconstruction
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-1836-1877
-protects rights of blacks in the south -military would come in and help them get free |
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Great Migration
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-blacks moved out of the south and into the north because of higher wages and better jobs
-changed countrys demographics -led to some southern reforms like better schools |
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Labor Recruiters
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-convince the blacks to move to the north
-political protest -employment, assistance, and debt forgiveness |
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A. Phillip Randolph
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- In WWII on July 1, 1941 he led the "March to Washington"
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NAACP
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-continued suits in court
-1954 "Brown vs.Education of Topeka,Kansas" -separate is NOT equal -not suppported by the southerns of President Eisenhower -wanted to end segregation and the approach was legal approach |
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Black Codes
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-control free population
-military occupation of south |
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Bus Boycott
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-womens political council
-integration of Montgomery -On December 5,1955 -blacks were 3/4 of the bus customers -lasted for 2 years until the federal court declared segregated seating unconstitutional |
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Rosa Parks
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-On December 1, 1955 she rode the bus and refused to give up her seat to a white person and was arrested. -
-This is what started the Bus Boycott and the Civil Rights Movements |
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Lunch counter sit-ins
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-Some of the black students would take up all of the white students tables at lunch time
-some resulted in getting arrested |
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Social Dislocation Crisis
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- Loss of typical cultural behaviors
-resulted in the increasing of 1.teen pregancies 2.out of wedlock births 3. female head households 4. welfare dependencies 5. serious crime -loss of middle and working class families -historical effects of rasism |
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Modern humans in Africa
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-Came about 200,000-100,000 YA
-Middle awash valley, Ethiopia were the oldest modern human remain is found called "Herto Site" |
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Segregation
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-lack of political power
-inferior education -limitation on business -employment competition |
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WEB Dubois
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-Northern
-believes education is pointless -Created the NAACP in 1910 -he wanted to take a lead approach to end segregation but it was a slow process |
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Booker T. Washington
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-Southern
-believed that increasing opportunity through training (believed in education) -did not push for immediate equality but willing to work for it. |
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Ku Klux Klan
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-elite southerns
-used violence to terrorize former slaves -Reinstituted from 1915-1944 -"keep blacks in line" -displaced by depression |
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Plessy vs. Fergusen
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-separated but equal transportation
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Williams vs. Mississippi
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-literacy test for voters
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13th amendment
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-1865 abolished slavery
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14th amendment
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-1868 born or naturalized is a US citizen besides Native Americans
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15th amendment
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-1870 right to vote besides women
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About what percent of modern Americans are considered to be African American today?
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13.5%
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Great Zimbabwe reached its peak around what years?
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-1830
-removed Southeast groups to Oklahoma territory |
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Which cultural group in central Africa had the most homogenized culture brought to the New World?
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Bantu Culture
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Paleoindians
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-West Africans were skilled at farming and cattle herders (AG) making them desirable as slaves
- used stone tools -adopted into the ecological zone -Nomadic(meaning move around) |
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How many men of African descent accompanied Columbus on his initial voyage to the New World, and what were their names?
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-2
- Pedro Alonza Nino and Jaun las Canarias |
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Bartolome de las Casas
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responsible for suggesting Africans as slaves for the New World
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King Charles V
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had Bartolome suggest to him to make Africans slaves
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St.Augustine
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-the oldest European city in the north
-half slaves and half free blacks -10% of the population |
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Slavery in US differs from slavery in Caribbean and S. America
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-Slavery in the US were on plantations and there were 30 or more
-In the Caribbean is where sugar grew and there were free blacks and slaves -In the South there were fewer diseases, more sex ratio, and a healthier environment. The slaves were close with their owners |
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Which colony moved to abolish slavery in the late 1600s, although this was denied by the British government?
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Pennsylvania
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Ghost Dance
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was a revitalization movement
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Wodziwob
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- In the 1870s
-major cataclysm -swallow whites |
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Wovoka
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-in the 1890s
-restrictive reservation life -military defeat -Extinction of buffalo |
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NAGPRA
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-Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
-offer protection to graves -return human remains, morturary objects, and scared items - tribes must prove ownership |
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Allotment
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-individualization of Indian lands
-no more communal ownership -could sell if wished -lead to assimilation -avoid domination by families |
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In what year was the slave trade made illegal, and about how many illegal slaves were brought to the New World per year?
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-1807
-5000 a year |
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Revitalization Movements
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-Ask for supernatural assistance
-and their purpose was Naticistic |
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What popular Myth gave the white population justification to continue slavery?
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Myth of the negro past
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Which colony made it required by law that children of slaves be literate?
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Rhode Island
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What is the name of the sea voyage from Africa to the Americas?
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-Middle Passsage
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Spanish intentions in the New World
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-not colonist
-gold,souls to save,land -northwest passage -no women or children and intermarriage with natives -humans but native -learned native language -deserving of Christianity -trade and Encomienda which was a system set up to have natives work their land and paid them |
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Indian Trade and Intercourse Act
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- in 1790
-land issues -accommodations or extinction -treaties to establish boundaries -Indian territory (Oklahoma) |
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Indian Removal Act
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-may 20,1830
-removed SE groups to Oklahoma Territory |
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Dawes General Allotment Act of 1887
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-all tribe lands surveyed and divided among members, sell surplus lands
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Indian Homestead Act
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-restricted title for land and could not sell for 25 years
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American Indian Church
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-ingestion of Peyote
-Cactus -Rio Grande valley and south -levitation, vision, enhanced perception -1870 became the Mescalero Apaches |
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At the beginning of the Civil War, how many slaves were present in the US?
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4 1/2 million
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Johnson-O’Malley Act
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-federal government contracted with states for Indian service in 1934
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Columbus’ voyage
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-Expedition to the new world in 1492
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Women in West African culture
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-had mother and child bonding
-ruled as queen mothers -skilled farmers -economic life |
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Urban League
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-address social welwafe issues
-poverty and discrimination -it is a slow progress |
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Slavery in Spain and Portugal
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not racism
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FEPC
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-Fair employment practices committee
-created by president roosevelt in 1941 |
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During the economic boom in the US following WWII, the Middle Class rose from _____% to _____%.
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13-46
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Which group was instrumental in organizing the Bus Boycott of 1955?
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Women’s Political Council
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Vasquez de Allyon
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-in modern Georgia
-100 black labors rebelled and joined the natives. - Africans in North America brought by the Spanish |
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Civil Rights Act
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-passes in 1957
-sets up departments of justice -prohibited interference with voting |
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Indians Plains Commission
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-in 1946
-indian tribes to sure government for grievance -land and treaty violation -800 cases over 10 years -4 million awarded |
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In the “Clovis First” model, approximately how many years ago did people first migrate to North America?
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12000-13000
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What is an atlatl?
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Spear thrower
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In what year was a boundary drawn between the colonies and Indian Country?
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1763
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What is meant by “Compensable Indian Title to Land”?
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Land must be purchased from natives, not taken
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What is the phenomenon of Checkerboarding, and how did it affect natives
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Native lands being sold to whites, broke up tribes and families
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The American Indian Religious Freedom Act was passed in what year?
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1978, protected under the 1st amendment
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