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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 5 organelles found in an animal cell. |
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria and ribosomes. What are the 8 organelles found in plant cells |
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What are the 8 organelles found in animal cells. |
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts. |
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What do we call a group of cells working together to carry out a specific function? |
Tissue |
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By which method do bacterial cells divide? |
Binary fission |
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What conditions do bacteria need to grow and divide? |
Correct nutrients, temperature, pH and salts |
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Why do cells need to divide? |
For growth and repair of tissues and for reproduction (bacterial cells) |
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What structures carry genetic information in the nucleus of the cell |
Chromosomes |
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How many chromosomes are there in a human body cell? |
46 |
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What do we call uncontrollable cell division |
Cancer |
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What molecule are chromosomes made up from? |
DNA |
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What are the small units that make up DNA? |
Nucleotides |
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What are the three parts of a nucleotide? |
Base, sugar and phosphate |
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What are the the four letters that represent the four different nucleotides? |
A,T,C,G |
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What is the base pairing rule? |
A-T C-G |
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What term is used to describe a cell nucleus with 2 sets of chromosomes |
Diploid |
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What molecule is DNA the instructions to code for |
Protein |
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How many sets of chromosomes are in a haploid cell? |
One |
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Name an industry that enzymes can be used in |
Laundry detergents Contact lens cleaners Baby food Cheese production |
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Chromosomes and DNA are found in which organelle? |
Nucleus |
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What is a Stem cell? |
An unspecialised cell |
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What protein molecule can be used to speed up chemical reactions? |
Enzyme |
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Why are enzyme specific (only able to speed up one reaction)? |
Each enzyme has an active site that is complementary to the substrate it breaks down. |
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Give 3 properties of enzymes |
They speed up reactions They remain unchanged They are specific |
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Name two types of microbe that can be used to produce food |
Bacteria Yeast |
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What types of food can bacteria be used to produce? |
Yoghurt Cheese |
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What type of food can yeast be used to produce? |
Wine Beer Bread |
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What process is used to transfer DNA from one organism to another? |
Genetic Engineering |
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Name 3 substances that can be produced by genetically engineered microbes |
Insulin Factor VIII Human growth hormone |
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What microbe is used to genetically engineer insulin? |
Bacteria |
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What type of microbe is used to make Biogas? |
Bacteria |
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What process do plants use to make food (glucose)? |
Photosynthesis |
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What two substances are used by plants in photosynthesis? |
Water and carbon dioxide |
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What is a waste product of photosynthesis? |
Oxygen |
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What 3 factors can change the rate of photosynthesis? |
Carbon dioxide concentration Light Intensity Temperature |
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What is respiration? |
The breakdown of glucose to release energy |
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Where in the cell does respiration occur? |
Mitochondria |
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Name 2 factors that can speed up the rate of respiration |
Temperature Carbon dioxide concentration |
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Name a controversial biological procedure |
Cloning Genetic engineering Gene Therapy Stem cell technology |
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What is an ethical issue of stem cell technology? |
Embryo's may be destroyed |
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What is one benefit of stem cell technology? |
Stem cells can be used to treat/cure a range of diseases/disorders e.g. Paralysis |
