Nath Microbiology Chpt25-33 Uti

Front 1

The most common causes of UTI are __ (gram neg) and ___ (gram pos)

Back 1

Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Front 2

Gram-negative rods occurring single or in pairs. Facultaively anaerobic. All ferment glucose and are oxidase negative

Back 2

Escherichia coli

Front 3

All E. Coli are fast growing and appear as ___ on blood agar

Back 3

large, gray colonies

Front 4

Antigens on E.Coli

Back 4

Somatic O antigen carrying LPS, H antigen (flagellum), K antigen (a polysaccharide capsule)

Front 5

What is the marker for E. Coli in a urine dipstick test

Back 5

Leukocyte esterase

Front 6

What fimbriar allows E. Coli to adhere to uroepithelium

Back 6

P-Fimbriae and type-1 fimbriae

Front 7

The movement of E.coli against urinary flow is facilitated by ___

Back 7

flagella

Front 8

What does E.Coli have that is associated with the cell surface and resist phagocytosis and killing

Back 8

capsular polysaccharide K antigen

Front 9

What does E.Coli have that increases the pyogenic inflammatory response

Back 9

LPS endotoxin

Front 10

What does E.Coli have that promotes struvites kidney stones in the kidney by increasing the alkalinity urine

Back 10

Urease

Front 11

How does E.Coli take up Iron

Back 11

aerobactin, a siderophore

Front 12

If ___ are present in urine, the infection likely represents pyelonephritis (complicated UTI)

Back 12

white cell casts

Front 13

__ and ___ mount an inflammatory response, contributing to high fever, (>39C) shaking chills, and localized flank or low back pain in E.Coli infection

Back 13

IL-1 and TNF

Front 14

Tx of E.Coli

Back 14

B-lactam agent, TMP-SMX, or flouroquinolone

Front 15

Pregnant women are at higher risk of colonization with the ___ strain of E.Coli which can cause meningitis

Back 15

K1 antigen (encapsulated)

Front 16

____ are spirochetes, which are thin-walled, flexible, spiral rods. Has a endoflagella

Back 16

Treponema pallidum (syphilis)

Front 17

what reactivity with lipoidal antigens is the basis of nontreponemal screening

Back 17

nonspecific antibodies that cross react with beef heart cardiolipin

Front 18

What detects T. pallidum-specific antibodies

Back 18

Fluorescence treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-Abs) and microhemagglutinin-T.Pallidum (MHA-TP)

Front 19

What are the principal proinflammatory mediators of syphilis

Back 19

lipoproteins

Front 20

Tx of Treponema pallidum

Back 20

benzathine PCN G, Erythromycin for pregnant women

Front 21

___ causes degeneration of dorsal column and dorsal roots, resulting in locomotor ataxia (tabes dorsalis). Argyll Robertson Pupils

Back 21

Neurosyphilis

Front 22

HSV2 infect host cells reveal the presence of ___ on a ___ smear

Back 22

multinucleated gaint cells on Tzanck smear

Front 23

HSV2 primary lesions are due to the ___ effect of the virus on ____

Back 23

cytopathic (cytolytic), mucocutaneous epithelium

Front 24

TX for HSV-2

Back 24

acyclovie (ACV)

Front 25

Risk factors for HPV infection leading to carcinoma of the cervix include ___, ___, and ___

Back 25

sex before 15, multiple sex partners, and smoking

Front 26

HPV infects the ___ cells of the basal layer of the skin or mucous membrane

Back 26

squamous epithelial cells

Front 27

HPV multiplication is confined to the nucleus. Consequently, infected cells exhibit a high degree of ___

Back 27

nuclear atypia

Front 28

What does PAP smear show for HPV

Back 28

koilocytosis, characterized as intracellular changes with perinuclear clearing (halo) and a shrunken nucleus

Front 29

Which HPV types lead to anogenital warts

Back 29

6 and 11

Front 30

Which HPV types leads to dysplasias and cancer

Back 30

16,18,31,33,35

Front 31

How does HPV 16 and 18 cause problems for the host

Back 31

HPV proteins E6 and E7 inactivate the hosts tumor suppressor proteins p53 and retinoblastoma

Front 32

___ are nonenveloped viruses of icosahedral symmetry with 72 capometes that surrounds a double-stranded circular DNA

Back 32

HPV

Front 33

Multiple pairs of bean-shaped, Gram-negative diplococci within neutrophils is diagnostic of ___

Back 33

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea)

Front 34

What media does N. gonorrhoeae grow on

Back 34

Thayer Martin medium

Front 35

What are the virulence factors for N. gonorrhoeae

Back 35

pili, LOS, OMP. They DO NOT have polysaccharide capsules

Front 36

N. gonorrhoeae binds to __ epithelial cells mediated by bacterial __ and __

Back 36

columnar, pili, OMP

Front 37

How does N. gonorrhoeae hydrolyzes IgA mucosal antibodies and inhibits opsonization needed for phagocytic killing

Back 37

IgA protease

Front 38

Gonococcal ___ also protect against phagocytosis, and interferes with neutrophil degranulation

Back 38

OMP (protein I)

Front 39

Tx of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Back 39

single injection of Ceftriaxone

Front 40

Which C. trachomatis serotypes are considered the world's most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogens

Back 40

D to K

Front 41

Chlamydia organisms begin infection through minute abrasion on the mucosal surface as metabolically inert ___

Back 41

elementary bodies

Front 42

Chlamydia EB target receptors on ___

Back 42

columnar epithelial cells

Front 43

What are the metabolically active verison of Ebs in chlamydia

Back 43

Reticulate bodies which multiply by binary fission

Front 44

Primary genital lesion of chlamydial disease occur when CEC destruction during acute disease process causes release of ____

Back 44

proinflammatory cytokines

Front 45

Tx of Chlamydia trachomatis

Back 45

doxycycline

Front 46

Trachoma caused by chlamydial serotypes _, _, _. Endemic in __. Causes ___

Back 46

A, B, C. North Africa, blindness in the world

Front 47

___ is a motile (with visible flagela), peared shaped (10um by 7um) protozoan organism

Back 47

Trichomonas vaginalis

Front 48

T/F T. vaginalis has a cyst form

Back 48

FALSE

Front 49

T. Vaginalis causes an inflammatory reaction (vaginitis) therefore ___ usually are present

Back 49

numerous PMNs

Front 50

Tx for Trichomonas vaginalis

Back 50

metronidazole

Front 51

Candida species are ___ and appear as elongated structures with ___ after Gram stain

Back 51

YEAST, pseudohyphae or even true hyphae

Front 52

C. albicans can be rapidly differentiated form other species by it production of ___ after 2 hours of cultivation in human serum

Back 52

germ tubes (short hyphal filaments)

Front 53

C. Albicans also characteristically produce ___, the reproductive, thick walled structures of the fungus

Back 53

chlamydospores

Front 54

Tx of Candida albicans

Back 54

topical antifungal agents such as clotrimazole, micronazole, or nystatin. Fluconazole for bloodstream infections

Front 55

3 genes in HIV that contain information needed to make structural proteins for new virus particules

Back 55

gag, pol, and env

Front 56

How does HIV bind to Cd4 Tcells

Back 56

gp120, then coreceptors CxCR4 and CCR5

Front 57

Tx for HIV

Back 57

1. nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) which nucleoside analogs AZT, ddC, ddI, d4T, 3TC 2.non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) Nevirapine, delavirdine, and efavirenz. 3protase inhibitors (-navir)

Front 58

___ a member of the herpesvirus group (double-stranded DNA, protein capsid, and a lipoprotein envelope). B-herpesvirus that is lymphotropic.

Back 58

CMV

Front 59

CMV replicates in the nucleus of target cells, and the infected cells develop into ___

Back 59

cytomegalic (gaint cells)

Front 60

CMV can be cultures from ___

Back 60

urine

Front 61

Transmission of CMV

Back 61

person to person and requires close contact with a person excreting the virus in saliva, urine or other body fluids

Front 62

___ is the most common cause of post-transplant infections

Back 62

CMV

Front 63

Characteristic microscopic changes in CMV infection include _____ which contain viral particles, in the target organ

Back 63

enlarged cells, with intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions

Front 64

CMV pneumonitis may reveal pneumocytes containing characteristic ___

Back 64

cytomegalic inclusions with a surrounding halo (owls eye)

Front 65

Tx for CMV

Back 65

Ganciclovir. Foscarnet in resistant strains

Front 66

____ obligate intracellular parasite that exist in two forms. Proliferative form (banana-shaped tachyzoites), resting cyst form (slow-growing bradyzoites)

Back 66

Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasma encephalitis)

Front 67

Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii

Back 67

ingestin pseudocysts in undercooked meat (mutton, beef, pork) accidental ingestion of material contaminated with cat feces containing oocyst

Front 68

In patients with AIDS, ___ is the most common cause of intracerebral mass lesions

Back 68

T. gondii

Front 69

When does toxoplasma gondii become activate in patients with AIDS?

Back 69

Cd4 count of less than 200, bradyzoites reactive and transform into tachyzoites.

Front 70

How does Toxoplasma gondii damage brain cells

Back 70

replicating tachyzoites ruptue the brain cells, resulting in focal necrosis

Front 71

what is diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii

Back 71

high level (1:256) of IgG for T. gondii

Front 72

Tx of Toxoplasma gondii

Back 72

Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine