Nat Haz/dis Exam 1

Front 1

where does energy come from to feed a disaster?

Back 1

visitors from outter space, gravity, internal energy, and the sun.

Front 2

Where does internal energy come from?

Back 2

impact energy, gravitational energy, and decay of radioactive elementers.

Front 3

The process of planet formation created tremendous quantities of heat. Where did the heat come from?

Back 3

Impact energy, Gravitational energy, and Decay of radioactive elements.

Front 4

Where does energy from the Sun go?

Back 4

It is reflected back, absorbed as heat (in the air, sea, and land), and expanded to evaporate water in the hydorlogical cycle.

Front 5

What are different amounts of radiation called?

Back 5

insolation

Front 6

What are the properties of water?

Back 6

present in 3 states, high heat capacity, gains and loses heat, water is polar, universal solvent, high surface tension, expands when freezes.

Front 7

How is the rock cycle involved

Back 7

energy flows moving material throughout the planet.

Front 8

What are the layers of the earth (outside to inside)

Back 8

crust, mantle, outter core, and the inner core.

Front 9

What is pangea?

Back 9

Super continent that broke apart leaving land masses such as continents, islands, etc.

Front 10

What are hot spots?

Back 10

Small areas of high heat below places creating areas of high volcanic activity.

Front 11

Where are most earthquakes located?

Back 11

at subduction zones of convergent boundaries.

Front 12

List three spreading center locations

Back 12

Mid- Ocean ridge in Iceland, The Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aden.

Front 13

What is a triple junction?

Back 13

three boundaries pulling aprt. seas are getting bigger.

Front 14

What are convergent boundaries?

Back 14

two plates coming together.

Front 15

what are the three types of convergent boundaries?

Back 15

oceanic-oceanic
oceanic-continental
continental-continental

Front 16

What are divergent boundaries?

Back 16

tow boundaries pulling apart from each other.how new seas and rift valleys are created.

Front 17

What are transform faults?

Back 17

two plates sliding past each other.

Front 18

what are examples of continental-continental collisions?

Back 18

India moving northward into the Eurasian plate.

Front 19

What are examples of transform faults?

Back 19

Alpine faults of New Zealand, San Andreas Fault in California, and in the North Anatolian fault in Turkey (caused by the Arabian fault).

Front 20

How are earthquakes produced?

Back 20

when the earth shakes in response to sudden earth movement. mostly caused by sudden movements along faults.

Front 21

What is an epicenter?

Back 21

location on the surface directly above the focus.

Front 22

What is a hypocenter?

Back 22

another name for focus, place where earthquake originates.

Front 23

What is the focus of an earthquake?

Back 23

the place within Earth where earthquake waves originate.

Front 24

What are the 3 different types of faults?

Back 24

dip slip, strike slip, and transform.

Front 25

what are dip-slip faults?

Back 25

faults that are dominated by vertical movement, caused by a pulling or pushing force.

Front 26

where are the hangingwall and footwall located?

Back 26

the footwall is the floor beneath the miner's feet and the rocks above there heads are wherethe hanging wall is located

Front 27

what is a normal fault?

Back 27

when hangingwall moves down relative to footwall.the zone of omission documents extensional forces.

Front 28

What are reverse faults?

Back 28

when the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. the zone of repetition douments compressional forces.

Front 29

What are strike-slip faults?

Back 29

when movement is horizontal parallel to the strike. when straddling the fault the right side moves toward you.

Front 30

What is siesmology?

Back 30

the study of earthquakes.

Front 31

How do we measure earthquakes?

Back 31

using a seismograph that measures p-waves and s-waves.

Front 32

What are body waves?

Back 32

primary or secondary waves

Front 33

What are P waves?

Back 33

the fastest waves that are reported first. they travel through any medium and are push-pull waves.

Front 34

What are S Waves?

Back 34

they reach the station second. they travel through solids, are reflected back off of rock or converted into another energy form.

Front 35

What are surface waves?

Back 35

waves that travel near the surface.

Front 36

What are the 2 kinds of L waves and what damage do they produce?

Back 36

Love (goes thoruhg rock like a slinki on the table waves) and Rayleigh (waves are backward rotating) waves.

Love ,

Front 37

How do you locate an Earthquake?

Back 37

3 sieismographs,each send their time interval between arrival of their first p and s waves. a travel-time graphy determines the distance of each to the epicenter.

Front 38

Where do earthquakes occur in the subducting plate and how intense are they?

Back 38

depths of 5- 700 km. the more shallow the earthquake the more intense for us.

Front 39

What are different scales to measure earthquakes?

Back 39

Mercalli: how it feels, damage done.
Rucgter: based on comparison to largest recorded log 10 scale.
Moment Magnitude:relies on amount of movement along fault

Front 40

what are tsunamis?

Back 40

casued by submarine landslides, about 400mph, unnoticed at sea but damaging on shore.

Front 41

what does tsunami damage depend on?

Back 41

direction of travel, harbor shape and bottom, and tide & weather (together).

Front 42

where are the largest earthquakes found?

Back 42

Alaska and Chile

Front 43

Which plates are subducting to form earthquakes on the west coast of N.A.

Back 43

the farallon plate and the north american plate, the pacific plate, the Juan de Fuca plate, the Riviera and Cocoa plate.

Front 44

Why so much damage in the 1985 Mexico City earthquake?

Back 44

improperly designed buildings, 5,700 buildings damaged and that killed people.