Nat Boards I B

Front 1

asthenia

Back 1

lack or loss of strength

Front 2

Addison's disease

Back 2

a destructive disease marked by deficient adrenocortical secretion and characterized by extreme weakness, loss of weight, low blood pressure, gastrointestinal disturbances, and brownish pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes

Front 3

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Back 3

a familial polyposis inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by numerous polyps in the stomach, small intestine, and colon and by melanin-containing spots on the skin and mucous membranes especially of the lips and gums

Front 4

Myxedema

Back 4

severe hypothyroidism characterized by firm inelastic edema, dry skin and hair, and loss of mental and physical vigor

Front 5

osteomalacia

Back 5

a disease of adults that is characterized by softening of the bones and is analogous to rickets in the young

Front 6

A patient with which of the following diseases is predisposed to develop osteosarcoma?

Back 6

Paget's disease of bone

Front 7

To which of the following sites does carcinoma of the prostate metastasize with the greatest frequency

Back 7

Skeleton

Front 8

Pyemia

Back 8

septicemia accompanied by multiple abscesses and secondary toxemic symptoms and caused by pus-forming microorganisms

Front 9

sarcoidosis

Back 9

a chronic disease of unknown cause that is characterized by the formation of nodules resembling true tubercles especially in the lymph nodes, lungs, bones, and skin

Front 10

Histiocytosis X encompasses all of the following clinical entities

Back 10

Letterer-Siwe disease.
eosinophilic granuloma.
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease

Front 11

Gaucher's disease

Back 11

a rare hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism that is caused by an enzyme deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, that is characterized by enormous enlargement of the spleen, pigmentation of the skin, and bone lesions, and that is marked by the presence of large amounts of glucocerebroside in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system

Front 12

Letterer-Siwe disease

Back 12

an acute disease of children characterized by fever, hemorrhages, and other evidences of a disturbance in the reticuloendothelial system and by severe bone lesions especially of the skull

Front 13

Hand-Schuller-Christian disease

Back 13

an inflammatory histiocytosis associated with disturbances in cholesterol metabolism that occurs chiefly in young children and is marked by cystic defects of the skull and by exophthalmos and diabetes insipidus

Front 14

eosinophilic granuloma

Back 14

disease of adolescents and young adults marked by the formation of granulomas in bone and the presence in them of macrophages and eosinophilic cells with secondary deposition of cholesterol

Front 15

Histiocytosis

Back 15

abnormal multiplication of macrophages

Front 16

aplastic anemia

Back 16

anemia that is characterized by defective function of the blood-forming organs (as the bone marrow) and is caused by toxic agents (as chemicals or X-rays) or is idiopathic in origin

Front 17

primary palate develops as a result of the merger of

Back 17

two medial nasal processes which are proliferations of mesenchyme at the margins of the nasal placodes which develop on each side of the frontal nasal process

Front 18

secondary palate develops from

Back 18

two maxillary processes called the lateral palatine processes.

Front 19

the two lateral nasal processes form

Back 19

the sides (alae) of the nose

Front 20

greater petrosal nerve

Back 20

br of the facial nerve arises from the geniculate ganglion, this nerve is the parasympathetic root of the pterygopalatine ganglion, carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion (for the lacrimal glands as well as glands of the palate and nose)

Front 21

cells found in the seminiferous tubules of the testis

Back 21

sertoli cells

Front 22

otic ganglion

Back 22

parasympa fibers, glossopharyngeal n, its tympanic br, and lesser petrosal n. to parotid gland

Front 23

pterygopalatine ganglion

Back 23

para fibers, facial n., greater petrosal n., and nerve of pterygoid canal to lacrimal gland and glands in palate and nose

Front 24

actinomyces viscosus and naeslundii cause

Back 24

root-surface caries

Front 25

if you cut the facial nerve just after it exits from the stylomastoid foramen

Back 25

it would cause a loss of innervation to the muscles of facial expression

Front 26

lower motor nuron lesions of the facial nerve will cause

Back 26

an ipsilatera flaccid paralysis of the facial musculature

Front 27

facial n. motor innervation

Back 27

muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric muscle and the stylohyoid ms, stapedius ms

Front 28

at Vmax

Back 28

all of the active sites are saturated with substrate

Front 29

competitive inhibition

Back 29

is reversed by incresasing substrate, Vmax remains the same, Km is increased

Front 30

noncompetitive inhibition

Back 30

is not reversed by increasing substrate, Vmax is decreased, Km is unchanged

Front 31

the lower the Km,

Back 31

the higher the affinity

Front 32

the higher the Km,

Back 32

the lower the affinity

Front 33

Km

Back 33

substrate concentration at 1/2 Vmax

Front 34

bone formation

Back 34

bone forms by either endochondrial ossification or intramembranous ossification

Front 35

bone growth

Back 35

bone grows by appositional growth (increase girth)

Front 36

cartilage growth

Back 36

cartilage grow by interstitial (epiphyseal or articular) or appositional (girth)

Front 37

epididymis

Back 37

lined with stereocilia, cordlike tube in the scrotum, carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules of the testis to the vas deferens

Front 38

spermatic cord

Back 38

round ligament of the uterus

Front 39

which muscle of the anterior abdominal wall listed below helps form the cremaster ms?

Back 39

internal oblique

Front 40

enzyme abundant in the liver

Back 40

glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), aka alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

Front 41

creatine kinase

Back 41

first heart enzyme to appear in the blood after a heart attack

Front 42

indication of liver dz

Back 42

glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase

Front 43

indication of myocardial infarction

Back 43

creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase

Front 44

oxygen

Back 44

is the ultimate electron acceptor and is reduced to water

Front 45

coenzyme

Back 45

nonprotein substance (organic cofactor) that combines with an apoenzyme (the protein portion of a complex enzyme) to form a haloenzyme (a complete, catalytically active enzyme system)

Front 46

pleurodynia

Back 46

a sharp pain in the side usually located in the intercostal muscles and believed to arise from inflammation of fibrous tissue

Front 47

enteroviruses (RNA non-env virus)

Back 47

poliovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, hepatitis A virus

Front 48

picornavirus

Back 48

this family includes enteroviruses and rhinoviruses, small non-env, single-stranded RNA genome

Front 49

streptococci

Back 49

gram +, facultative anaerobic cocci

Front 50

increased plasma osmolarity increases ADH releases from the posterior pituitary

Back 50

ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct

Front 51

which salivary gland produces most saliva

Back 51

1. submandibular (70%)
2. parotid (20%)

Front 52

lactoferrin

Back 52

binds iron and is bacteriostatic, salivary gland secretion

Front 53

what is the most common immune deficiency

Back 53

IgA deficiency, susceptible to upper respiratory infections

Front 54

genioglossus ms paralysis

Back 54

tongue has a tendency to fall back and obstruct the oropharyngeal airway with risk of suffocation

Front 55

unilateral lesions of the hypoglossal n. result in

Back 55

the deviation of the protruded tongue towards the affected side, due to lack of fxn of the genioglossus ms on the diseased side

Front 56

dysarthria

Back 56

inability to articulate

Front 57

fibrinolysin

Back 57

also called plasmin, proteolytic enz derived from plasminogen, essential in blood clot dissolution (fibrinolysis)

Front 58

fibrinogen

Back 58

plasma protein essential for the coagulation of blood and is converted to fibrin by thrombin and ionized calcium

Front 59

plasmin

Back 59

a proteolytic enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots

Front 60

thromboplastin

Back 60

converts prothrombin to thrombin in presence of calcium ions, thrombin in turn converts fibrinogen to fibrin