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209 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Thick folds of membranous straited epithelium on the internal vaginal wall, capable of stretching during the birth process to accommodate delivery of the baby.
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Rugae
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Causes the vaginal pH to be acidic
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Doderlien's Bacillus
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Which term refers to the externally visible structures of the female reproductive system extending from the symphysis pubis to the perineum?
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Vulva
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The almond shaped area enclosed laterally by the labia minora and extending from the clitoris to the fourchette is called the?
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Vestibule
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In which portion of the fallopian tubes does fertilization normally occur?
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Infundibulum
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Which portion of the fallopian tube is the site of sterilization?
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Isthmus
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Which term refers to the upper triangular portion of the uterus?
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Corpus
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The uterine isthmus is essential during pregnancy in the formation of:
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The lower uterine segment
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The vas diferens is a:
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conduit for spermatozoa
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The male hormone testosterone, which maintains spermatogenensis, is synthesized and released by:
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Leydig's cell
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Testosterone production is stimulated by:
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Luteinizing hormone
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In response to the anterior pituitary stimulation, the graafian follicle secretes:
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Estrogen
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The increased activity of the endometrial glands during the luteal phase of the female reproductive cycle is stimulated by:
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Progesterone
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Increased levels of Gn-RH stimulate the anterior pituitary gland to secrete:
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FHS
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Which hormone is responsible for the production of the clear, elastic cervical mucus associated with spinnbarkeit and ferning?
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Estrogen
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Which type of ligament tends to hypertrophy during pregnancy, helping to stabilize the uterus?
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Round
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The primary function of human chorionic gonadotrophin is to:
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Maintain the corpus luteum during the first trimester
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Why would the Midwife recommend ibuprofen or mefenamic acid to relieve a woman's primary dysmenorrhea?
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as an antiprostiglandin
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Which structure carries the chromosomes' genetic information?
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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Someone comments to the husband at the birth, "Your son looks exactly like you do!" He is describing:
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Phenotype
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Cystic fibrosis, sickel cell anemia, and tay-sach's disease, all which can be diagnosed by prenatal genetic testing are examples of:
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autosomal recessive disorders
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Genetic disorders that can be detected by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) are:
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cystic fibrosis, trisomy 21, an Tay-Sach's disease
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A factor that is a most common indication for recommending a CVS or amniocentesis?
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Maternal age
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The greatest advantage of CVS over amniocentesis?
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is performed during the first trimester
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Which criteria are used for confirming a diagnosis of endometriosis?
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Laparoscopy and biopsy results
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False statement about a cervical cap is:
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the cervical cap requires reapplication of spermacide before sex
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What finding is contraindicative in the use of a cervical cap?
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An abnormal PAP test result
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Before counseling a woman about contraceptive methods, a midwife must first:
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Evaluate her own beliefs and values regarding family planning
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Combined oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy by inhibiting the production of:
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FSH and LH
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Edema in hands and feet in a non pregnant women is probably caused by sodium retention resulting from:
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an increased estrogen level
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Cystic fibrosis, sickel cell anemia, and tay-sach's disease, all which can be diagnosed by prenatal genetic testing are examples of:
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autosomal recessive disorders
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Genetic disorders that can be detected by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) are:
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cystic fibrosis, trisomy 21, an Tay-Sach's disease
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A factor that is a most common indication for recommending a CVS or amniocentesis?
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Maternal age
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The greatest advantage of CVS over amniocentesis?
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is performed during the first trimester
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Which criteria are used for confirming a diagnosis of endometriosis?
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Laparoscopy and biopsy results
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False statement about a cervical cap is:
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the cervical cap requires reapplication of spermacide before sex
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What finding is contraindicative in the use of a cervical cap?
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An abnormal PAP test result
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Before counseling a woman about contraceptive methods, a midwife must first:
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Evaluate her own beliefs and values regarding family planning
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Combined oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy by inhibiting the production of:
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FSH and LH
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Edema in hands and feet in a non pregnant women is probably caused by sodium retention resulting from:
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an increased estrogen level
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Which instruction about proper diaphragm use and care would be incorrect?
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1)use a water soluble jelly
2)store the diaphragm in a cool place 3)check the diaphragm for tears or holes after each use 4)be refitted for a new one after a weight gain or loss of 15 lbs (answer is 3) |
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Vaginal contraceptive film that is dissolved in the vagina remains effective for:
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1 hour
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After an IUD being inserted, you should return to the doctor for a re-examination and evaluation:
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After you first menses
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A male truck driver for 5 years is at risk for:
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infertility
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Which characteristic normally is not present in a fetus at 20 weeks gestation?
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surfactant production
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The placenta forms from the:
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chorionic villi and decidua capsularis
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A procedure that allows for examination of the amniotic fluid through the intact membranes?
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Amnioscopy
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Chronological sequence is:
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ovulation, fertilization, blastocyst formation
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A 25 year old with 1 elective abortion and the birth of a 1 son at 39 weeks gestation comes to you pregnant. How would you classify the women?
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TPAL
1011 |
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Which assessment finding noted during an exam would best support the diagnosis of pregnancy?
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Softening of the lower uterine segment
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Drinking 1 quart of milk daily will supply large amounts of:
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riboflavin and vitamin A
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Urinary frequency in normal pregnancy is physiologically related to:
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pressure on the bladder from the enlarging uterus
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During the second trimester the midwife would expect her client to identify her fetus as:
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A separate human being.
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Hemoglobin level fallen to 11.2 from a pre pregnant level of 14.5 is the result of:
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An expanded plasma volume
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With frequent leg cramps you can assess dietary intake of what?
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Dairy
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A negative indirect Coombs test result on a 28 week gestation would discuss administration of what?
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RhoGam
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Hearing a whistling sound while listening to FHT's would indicate:
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Funic souffle
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The bag of waters do what for the baby?
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Maintains the fetus's temperature
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Kegal exercises what muscles?
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pubococcygeus
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MSAFP screen should be performed by which weeks gestation?
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16-20 weeks
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above normal MSAFP levels would be the following anomalies:
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fetal demise, multiple gestation, neural tube defects
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Magnesium sulfate is administered primarily to?
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decrease neuromuscular irritability
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Indication of a women developing DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation) would be?
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Bleeding of the nose and gums
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A biophysical profile would involve assessment of:
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fetal breathing, reactive fetal heart rate, qualitative amniotic fluid volume
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A hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn that is characterized by an increase in circulating erythroblast and by jaundice and it occurs when the system of an Rh-neg mother produces antibodies to an antigen in the blood of and Rh+pos fetus, called also hemolytic disease of the newborn, Rh disease
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Erythroblastis Fetalis
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The disease of the skin marked by over growth of horny tissue
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Keratosis
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A condition marked by the deposit of bile pigments in the nuclei of the brain and spinal cord and by degeneration of nerve cells that occurs usually in infants as a part of the syndrome of erythroblastosis fetalis
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Kernicterus
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serious and extensive edema of the fetus
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Hydrops Fetalis
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A natural body passage
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Meatus
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Of or relating to the belly
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Ventral
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A copious discharge of blood from the blood vessels
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Hemorrahagic
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Sudden complaints of chest pain and pin frothy sputum and diaphoresis is a sign of what?
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Amniotic fluid embolism
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What is ritodrine?
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It is a tocolytic agent (helps to manage preterm labor.
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If deceleration occurs about 30 sec. after each contractions begins, returning to baseline after the contraction is over this type of decel is caused by:
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Uteroplacental insufficiency
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FHT decel occuring during the increment of a contraction reaches its lowest point at the time of the contraction and returns to baseline during decrement of the contraction is indicating what?
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Fetal vagal nerve stimulation
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How would you measure placental perfusion?
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By the duration of the rest phases between contractions
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What is the medical term for hyperventilate?
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Respiratory alkalosis
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How would you treat complaints of respiratory alkalosis (numbness in hands and feet)?
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Have the client exhale into her cupped hands and then re-inhale
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During early second stage how should the client breath?
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Breath holding for no more than 5 sec. while pushing with open glottis
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Which hormone stimulates the let down reflex during breastfeeding?
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Oxytocin
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Compared with mature breastmilk, colostrum contains:
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Less fat and carbohydrates
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Finding uterine tenderness, fever and foul smelling lochia in a woman whose amniotic membranes have been ruptured for 48 hours before the onset of labor would indicate what?
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Endometritis
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An ineffective sign of sucking while the neonate is breastfeeding would be what?
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Audible tongue clicking
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A dietary change while breastfeeding should be:
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increase protein intake
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An assessment finding that would be most indicative of postpartum infection would be:
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foul smelling lochia
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A statement about early ambulation that is true is:
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it may cause hypotensive episodes (deficient in tone, perhaps muscle)
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A client has been prescribed heparin for femoral thrombophlebitis to prevent what?
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Additional thrombus formation
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A client who is HIV positive just gave birth 3 days ago and has bottle fed, and now has decided to she wants to breastfeed. Is this ok or not?Why?
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No. HIV is more readily transmitted t the newborn when breastmilk and formula are mixed fed.
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Golden yellow stools in a 4 day old baby would indicate what?
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That the baby is breastfed
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What condition results from deposits of bilirubin in the neonate's brain, especially in the brain stem and basal ganglia?
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Kernicterus
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Unequal bilateral femoral pulses in a neonate typically indicates:
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Coarctation of the aorta
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Which is the most reliable early indicator of neonatal infection?
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A change in feeding pattern
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A neonatal assessment finding to report to a physician would be?
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A positive Ortolani's sign (hip click or dislocation)
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A neonatal assessment finding that is considered abnormal would be?
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location of urinary meatus on the ventral surface of the penis
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Why should you make a newborn remain with his mother for 1 hour after birth?
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The first hour is the most important time to breastfeed the new baby
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A newborn on has a serum bilirubin level of 12mg/dl. What is the probable explanation if the newborn's mother is B positive?
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Impaired bilirubin coagulation
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What is profuse, thin or thick vaginal secretion that begins in the first trimester?
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Luekorrhea
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What is a POSITIVE sign of pregnancy?
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Fetal heart tones heard with a doppler
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Correctly divide pregnancy into three trimesters by weeks:
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1st-1 to 12 weeks, 2nd-13 to 27 weeks, 3rd-28 to 40 weeks.
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Alpah-feta protein is detected or not detected by genetic screening?
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It is not
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For the purpose of microbial control, the term sterilization implies what?
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the destruction of all forms of microbial life
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Anatomy is defined as?
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the study of the structure and shape of the body and the body parts, and their relationship to one another
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Physiology is defined as?
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the study of how the body and its parts work or function
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two hormones the placenta produces are?
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estrogen and progesterone
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normal weight gain in a newborn is between?
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4-8oz per week
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which hormone stimulates and maintains milk production after childbirth?
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prolactin
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Development of the secondary sex characteristics in males are stimulated by:
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Testosterone
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The embryonic stage is defined as?
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2-8 weeks
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During what period of pregnancy is the baby most susceptible to teratogens (from conception)?
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2-12 weeks
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The fetal stage of development starts at what week of gestation (from conception)?
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9 weeks
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To properly take an accurate basal body temperature to determine ovulation, a women should never do?
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rotate the site she takes the temperature form i.e., form mouth to armpit, etc.
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A typical human gestation from conception is:
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266 days
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What essential vitamin is a strict vegan mother most likely to be deficient in?
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V-B12
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What is associated with the android pelvis?
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narrow pubic arch
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Which diagnostic screening test carries the highest risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss, CVS or amniocentisis?
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CVS
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A fetus in a vertex presentation that is completely extended is?
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Face presentation
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Healthy ovaries are expected be the size of and feel somewhat _____?
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almond size and somewhat tender
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The sims position is when the mother?
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is left side lying
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The period during labor between complete dilation and the onset of active effective pushing is called:
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the resting phase
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After a shoulder dystocia once the baby is out you should be prepared for:
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hemorrhage, full resuscitation, maternal sepsis
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Lochia serosa that is present about 3-10 days is describes as:
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pink/brown in color
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following birth a women's bowels tend to be sluggish due to:
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effects of progesterone and decreased abdominal muscle
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Maternal mortality rate refers to deaths attributed to complications of pregnancy per:
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1,000 women
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An example of philosophy of care would be?
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"Midwives believe that every woman has a right to a safe, satisfying birth in the setting of her own choice, with respect for human dignity and cultural variations."
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What is Normacytic anemia?
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Commonly reflect acute blood loss or conditions such as sickle cell disease.
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How would you treat a hemoglobin level of 9ml/dl and an elevated reticulocyte count and mean corpuscular volume of 86?
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Iron supplementation
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If engagement took place in LOT position, how many degrees does the fetal head rotate during internal rotation for and occiput anterior delivery?
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90 degree
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How soon after a full-term delivery can a woman who is not breastfeeding safely start taking combination oral contraceptives?
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3 weeks
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What is the normal uterine contraction pattern?
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Contraction of longer and stronger duration in the fundus to minimal or nonexistent toward the cervix
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90 minutes following a birth, would absence of bowel sounds be normal or not normal?
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Not normal
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On the last day during which the cervical mucus is clear, slippery and stretchy signals what?
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the "peak day" of ovulation
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At which of the following times is maternal cardiac output highest?
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Immediately postpartum
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An indication not to artificial rupture membranes during the first stage of labor would be?
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To speed up normal labor
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What is chloasma?
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Mask of pregnancy, irregular brownish discolorations of the forehead, nose, cheeks and neck
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If engagement occurred in the LOP position and birth occurred in the OP position, external rotation will bring the fetal head into what position?
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LOT
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A client presents with vaginal bleeding at 35 weeks gestation. She complains of colicky uterine pain. Upon abdominal exam you feel mild, discordant contractions. The uterus is indentable during the contractions and the uterus is neither board-like nor rigid between contrax, but she does have pain with palpation. The fht is 120 with repeated late decels. Based on symptoms what would you suspect?
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Placental abruption
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A placenta expelled, you notice that the fetal side of the placenta is presenting:
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The Schultz (is the infant side of the placenta) mechanism and results from placental separation that begins centrally
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The Duncan mechanism is what?
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is the maternal side of the the placenta
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During a vaginal exam, you note that the diamond shaped fontanelle is under the pubic bone, what position is this?
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A fetus is in an occiput posterior postion.
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If a client comes to you with painless vaginal bleeding in the first trimester and just had a previous tubal surgery what is appropriate action?
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Seek medical attention.
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Where is the uterine fundus normally palpated in the immediate postpartum period?
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Approximately two-thirds of the way between the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus
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What is the Bishop Scoring?
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Point value-0-1-2-3
Dilation (cm) 0 1-2 3-4 >5 Effacement (%) 0-30 40-50 60-70 >80 Station -3 -2 -1/0 +1/+2 Consistency firm medium soft Position posterior midpostition anterior |
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The sex of the fetus is clearly distinguishable by direct examination at what gestational age by LMP?
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14th week
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What does not in not an effect of cold stress on the newborn?
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Respiratory alkalosis
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At what age do breastfed infants need to start receiving iron supplementation?
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6 months
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Describe Piskacek's sign?
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It is an irregularity in the shape of the uterus detectable in the area where the ovum has implanted
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In which days surrounding childbirth is it most likely that maternal varicella infection will be passed to the newborn?
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Day 6 before birth to day 2 following birth
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Ultrasound accuracy decreases as pregnancy progresses? True or False?
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True
|
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What is the average rate of dilation during the phase of maximum slope for a multipara?
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5.7 cm per hour
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What is the most reliable way to detect abnormal or periodic fhr changes or patterns when using a fetoscope or ultrasound?
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Counting the fhr in 5 sec increments allowing a 5 sec break between the period of counting during a contraction
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Restitution accomplish what in a birth with cephalic presentation?
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Untwists the fetal neck and brings the head into a right angle with the shoulders
|
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What is directly responsible for closure of the ductus arteriosus?
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Increase in oxygen levels in the blood
|
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What would be the reasoning behind having a condom in place before there is any contact between the penis and the female genitalia?
|
To avoid contact with the pre-ejaculatory fluid which contains pathogens, including HIV, to cause infection
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At what point in pregnancy should the maternal serum AFT or the triple screen be performed?
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15-18 weeks
|
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Describe a cervix of the average multigravida on the verge of true labor?
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Little or no effacement with a fingertip to 1 centimeter dilation
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What is the largest diameter of the fetal head?
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Occipitomental
|
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A maternal serum alpha fetoprotein screening test has a _____ rate?
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high false-positive
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A client 12 weeks gestation is in for a routine prenatal appointment. Two weeks ago she had some vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain that resolved spontaneously. Now at her appointment the midwife cannot locate the fht's and her uterine size is smaller than dates? What would you suspect?
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A missed abortion
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What finding of FHT assessment is most ominous?
|
Repeated late decels with loss of short-term fetal heart variablility
|
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What is the hormone that is synthesized and secreted by the placenta?
|
Relaxin
|
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What reason would you have to deliver the baby's head between contrax rather than during a contrax?
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To avoid abrupt release of restraining pressure on the head
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What is the most frequent reason for seizures in the neonatal period?
|
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (brain not getting enough oxygen)
|
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What hormone contributes to the development of hemorrhoids in pregnancy?
|
Estrogen-induced relaxation of the large bowel
|
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Which term is used to describe an increase in the size of an existing cell?
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Hypertrophy
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The posterior fontanel of the fetal skull is formed by the meeting of what sutures?
|
Sagittal and lambdoidal
|
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On vaginal exam you feel that the fetus is LOT and that the sagittal suture is midway between the symphysis pubis and the sacral promontory. The head is said to have what?
|
Synclitism
|
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Which of the following placental anomalies would you most expect to find in the placenta of a women with severe chronic hypertension?
|
Extensive infarction of entire cotyledons
|
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Embryonic stage:
|
2-8 weeks
|
|
Embryonic stage:
|
2-8 weeks
|
|
Teratogens risk:
|
2-12 weeks
|
|
Teratogens risk:
|
2-12 weeks
|
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Embryo heart beats at which week?
|
4 weeks
|
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Embryo heart beats at which week?
|
4 weeks
|
|
Normal BP in pregnancy?
|
90/50 - 140/90
|
|
Normal BP in pregnancy?
|
90/50 - 140/90
|
|
Blood volume increases in pregnancy by how much?
|
40%-45%
|
|
Blood volume increases in pregnancy by how much?
|
40%-45%
|
|
Regular pulse in adult is?
|
10-15
|
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Regular pulse in adult is?
|
10-15
|
|
Normal temp in adult is?
|
37 degrees
|
|
Normal temp in adult is?
|
37 degrees
|
|
Chloasma is what?
|
The pigmentary changes that occur during pregnancy
|
|
Chloasma is what?
|
The pigmentary changes that occur during pregnancy
|
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Hormones that the placenta produce?
|
Estrogen and progesterone
|
|
Hormones that the placenta produce?
|
Estrogen and progesterone
|
|
Platypelloid pelvis has a what degree pubic arch?
|
>90 degrees
|
|
Platypelloid pelvis has a what degree pubic arch?
|
>90 degrees
|
|
Uterine muscle increase in contraction is called what?
|
Uterine atony
|
|
Polyhydramnios could cause what problem in a newborn?
|
urinary problems
|
|
Iatrogenic is what?
|
Practitioner caused issues
|
|
In shock the pulse does what?
|
It increases
|
|
Umbilical cord has how many arteries and how many veins?
|
AVA=2 arteries and 1 vein
|
|
STD's or STI's are diagnosed in easier in men or women?
|
Men
|
|
Sepsis in a newborn can cause what?
|
Hypothermia
|
|
Temporary opening between the artria in the fetal heart is what?
|
Foramen Ovale
|
|
Miscarriage occurs in how many women?
|
1 in 10
|
|
Sperm survive better in what environment?
|
Alkaline environment
|
|
What is common in childbearing age with the reproductive system?
|
Ovarian cysts
|
|
A positive ELISA test means what?
|
HIV
|
|
Intrauterine compression of the umbilical cord is protected by connective tissue know as what?
|
Wharten's Jelly plus high blood volume
|
|
Why is V-K administered immediate postpartum?
|
Lack of intestinal bacteria in the newborn with which to synthesize V-K
|
|
Infants are at higher risk for what with diabetic mothers?
|
Respiratory stress syndrome
|
|
What is the 1st indication of puerperal infection?
|
Chills with increase temperature
|
|
A male child is the result of what chromosomes?
|
Y from the sperm and X from the ovum
|
|
Maternal malnutrition leads to what?
|
Treponema pallidum
|
|
Megaloblastic anemia is due to what?
|
Deficient in folic acid and V-B12 malabsorbtion
|
|
Vegans are at increase risk for what in pregnancy?
|
Gestational Diabetes
|
|
What is the difference between hemoglobin and hematocrit?
|
hemoglobin is o2 carrying of RBC's;hematocrit is the volume of RBC's in a packed volume of blood
|
|
Normal hemo for a pregnant women that lives in an elevation of 4500?
|
11g per 100ml to 13g per 100ml
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