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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is defined as fetal demise at >20 weeks gestation? |
stillbirth 3
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_____ death is death occurring after delivery but before 29 days of age.
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Neonatal death 3
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_____ death is fetal/infant death after 20 weeks gestation but before 29 days after birth.
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Perinatal death 3
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TRUE or FALSE: Chorioamnionitis has been demonstrated in patients with intact membranes.
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TRUE 10
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Babies with _____ syndrome are at a higher risk for polycythemia.
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Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 255
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Babies with which four syndromes are at higher risk for polycythemia. |
Down, Patau, Edwards and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes 255
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What are 11 symptoms of hypoglycemia in the newborn?
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1) lethargy
2) poor feeding 3) hypotonia 4) irritability or jitteriness 5) respiratory problems 6) seizures 7) tachycardia 8) temperature instability 9) apnea 10) emesis 11) pallor or cyanosis 262 |
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How many pounds is 2500 grams?
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5.5 pounds
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Petechiae seen over the head and neck or above the nipple line may be secondary to pressure from ...
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nuchal cord or from the delivery process 119
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Plethora is more common in infants with polycythemia but may also be seen in ____ or ____ infants.
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overoxygenated or overheated 120
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Pallor in the newborn may be secondary to ___, ___ or ___.
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anemia, birth asphyxia, or shock 120
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Acrocyanosis in the newborn may persist for ....
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days or weeks 120
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Often, the most difficult taks in dealing with cyanotic neonates is ...
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recognizing that cyanosis exists 120
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Extensive bruising of the newborn may result in ...
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early jaundice 120
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What are milia?
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yellow or pearly white pinhead-sized papules usually scattered on the chin, nose, forehead and cheeks 120
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Do the presence of milia indicate any type of underlying problem?
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no, they are benign and are present in approximately 40% of full-term infants 120
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What does erythema toxicum look like?
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numerous small areas of red skin with a yellowish white papule in the center 121
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When are erythema toxicum most noticeable?
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at 48 hours after birth 121
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Erythema toxicum are most noticeable 48 hours after birth, but can appear as late as ... |
7 to 10 days 121
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When does erythema toxicum resolve?
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resolves spontaneously 4 to 5 days after appearance 121
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When does a mongolian spot usually fade?
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by late infancy or at least by 4 years of age but may persist to adulthood 121
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Macular hemangioma is also called...
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stork bite, salmon patch, nevus flammeus, or telangiectatic nevus 121
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What is the medical term for stork bite? |
macular hemangioma 121
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What is the official name for a salmon patch?
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macular hemangioma 121
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When do macular hemangioma appear?
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within the first year of life 121
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Which is the most common type of birthmark?
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macular hemangioma, or stork bite, occurring in 60-70% of all infants 121
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The harlequin phenomenon may be benign and transient or may indicate... |
shunting of blood is occurring, as in sepsis or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn 121
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What does cutis marmorata look like?
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a lacy red pattern on the skin 122
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Cutis marmorata may be seen in a normal infant or one with ___, ___, ___ or ___.
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cold stress, hypovolemia, sepsis or chromosomal abnormalities 122
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Miliaria are usually caused by...
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heat and obstruction of sweat gland ducts 122
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Heat rash is also known as ...
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miliaria 122
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What are the two types of miliaria?
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miliaria crystallinia (clear, superficial tiny vesicles without inflammation) and miliaria rubra (small, erythematous, grouped papules on a red base) 122
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Petechiae commonly occur on the ___ or ___.
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presenting part or face 122
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Petechiae seen on the torso are more likely to be associated with ____ or ____
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thrombocytopenia or congenital infection 122
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Birthmarks occur in >__% of neonates.
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99% 122
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___ and ___ are 100 times more common than all other birthmarks.
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Salmon patches and Mongolian spots 122
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Nevus flammeus can be a ___ or a ___
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stork bite or a port wine stain 122
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Port wine stain does/does not disappear with time?
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does not 122
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Port wine stains are usually present ...
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at birth 122
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If a port wine stain appears over the forehead and upper eyelid, ____ syndrome must be ruled out.
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Sturge-Weber syndrome 122
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A port wine stain should be ______ because it can be associated with congenital syndromes.
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checked out by a pediatrician 122
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Which prominent political figure has a port wine stain?
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Mikhael Gorbachev
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A stork bite occurring on the ____ will usually persist and not fade over time.
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neck 121
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Many hemangiomas are not visible at birth but most are present by ___ of age. |
1 month 122
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Are hemangiomas present at birth?
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no, but are usually visible by one month of age 122
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Are port wine stains present at birth?
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yes, usually 122
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Lumbosacral hemangiomas may indicate...
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underlying tethered cord 123
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Large facial hemangiomas may be associated with _____ syndrome.
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Dandy-Walker 123
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Proliferation of a hemangioma occurs for ____
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6-8 months 122
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Most hemangiomas are gone by ___ of age.
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10 years 123
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Which type of hemangioma commonly occurs on the face?
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strawberry hemangioma 123
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When does a strawberry hemangioma usually appear?
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within a few days of birth as a raised pink or red macule that is sharply demarcated 123
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Where does a cavernous hemangioma usually occur?
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anywhere on the body 123
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Which is the most common heart defect?
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ventricular septal defect 123
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What does a loud, harsh, blowing pansystolic murmur heard on the second or third day of life indicate?
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ventricular septal defect 124
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What does a harsh, continuous, machinery-type or "rolling thunder" murmur that is localized to the second left intercostal space heard on the second or third day of life indicate? |
patent ductus arteriosus 124
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A gallop is usually heard in which type of heart defect?
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hypoplastic left heart syndrome 124
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Bounding pulses can be seen with which heart defect?
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patent ductus arteriosus 124
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Absent or delayed femoral pulses are associated with which heart defect?
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coarctation of the aorta 124
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When does quickening usually occur? |
16-18 weeks gestation
163 |
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When is ultrasound dating most reliable?
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before 20 weeks 163
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When are first reported heart sounds by Doppler?
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10-12 weeks gestation 163
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Large facial hemangiomas may be associated with ___ ___ syndrome.
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Dandy Walker 123
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When may a newborn's eye color change?
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3-6 months 132
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What is craniosynostosis?
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a premature closure of one or more suture sof the skull. on palpation of the skull, a bony ridge may be felt over the suture line 127-8
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On the term infant, only a few patches of lanugo should be present over the...
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shoulder 164
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A baby who weighs in at <10th percentile for gestational age is considered...
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SGA 164
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Why is it important to check early for hip dysplasia?
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late detection (>6 months) is associated with prolonged, complicated treatment and poor outcome 150
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What causes developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) to occur?
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when the upper rim of the acetabulum fails to develop and the femoral head is malpositioned 150
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What are the risk factors for neonatal hip dysplasia? (4 of them)
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1) breech delivery
2) positive family history 3) foot deformities 4)race (caucasians, eskimos and native americans) 150 |
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Any abnormal hip finding during NB exam should be followed up by a pediatrician within ___ weeks.
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2 weeks AT LATEST 150
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How many major bones are there in the newborn's skull?
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5 page 126
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Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare disorder present at birth that is associated with seizures, mental retardation and ___
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glaucoma 122
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Petechiae occurring on the ___ are more likely to be associated with thrombocytopenia or congenital infection.
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torso 122
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____ and mongolian spots are 100x more common than all other birthmarks.
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salmon patches (macular hemangioma) 122
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TRUE or FALSE: Birthmarks occur in >99% of all neonates.
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True 122
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A port wine stain appearing over the forehead and upper eyelid is associated with ____ syndrome.
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Sturge-weber syndrome 122
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The type of birthmark known as a ____ is usually present at birth, is deep red or purple in color, blanches only minimally with pressure and does not fade over time.
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port wine stain 122
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How long does it take for stork bites to disappear, and which stork bites may not disappear?
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within the first year of life - except those on the nape of the neck, which may persist 121
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What are the risk factors for neonatal hip dysplasia? (4 of them)
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1) breech delivery
2) positive family history 3) foot deformities 4)race (caucasians, eskimos and native americans) 150 |
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Any abnormal hip finding during NB exam should be followed up by a pediatrician within ___ weeks.
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2 weeks AT LATEST 150
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How many major bones are there in the newborn's skull?
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5 page 126
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Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare disorder present at birth that is associated with seizures, mental retardation and ___
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glaucoma 122
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Petechiae occurring on the ___ are more likely to be associated with thrombocytopenia or congenital infection.
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torso 122
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____ and mongolian spots are 100x more common than all other birthmarks.
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salmon patches (macular hemangioma) 122
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TRUE or FALSE: Birthmarks occur in >99% of all neonates.
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True 122
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A port wine stain appearing over the forehead and upper eyelid is associated with ____ syndrome.
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Sturge-weber syndrome 122
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The type of birthmark known as a ____ is usually present at birth, is deep red or purple in color, blanches only minimally with pressure and does not fade over time.
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port wine stain 122
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How long does it take for stork bites to disappear, and which stork bites may not disappear?
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within the first year of life - except those on the nape of the neck, which may persist 121
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Many hemangiomas are not visible at birth, but 90% are present by ____ of age.
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1 month 122
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The most common type of birthmark, macular hemangioma, occur in __% to __% of all infants.
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60-70% 121
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What is the medical term for stork bite?
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macular hemangioma 121
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Which signs indicate coarctation of the aorta?
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a systolic ejection murmur that radiates down the sternum to the apex and also to the inter-scapular area. Often heard loudest in the back. May also detect diminished to absent femoral pulses 124
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Signs of hypoplastic left heart syndrome?
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a short midsystolic heart murmur heard beginning day 1 or 2. A gallop is usually heard 124
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Which type of murmur is usually benign?
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peripheral pulmonic stenosis 124
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What is the normal time for capillary refill?
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2 seconds for pink color to return. longer than 3 seconds should be investigated 124
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What signs indicate a patent ductus arteriosus murmur?
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harsh, continuous machinery-type or "rolling thunder" murmur localized to 2nd left intercostal space or along sternal border, usually presents on 2nd or 3rd day of life. A hyperactive precordium, bounding pulses and wide pulse pressure may be found 124
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Which 2 heart murmurs are often heard in the back?
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coarctation of the aorta and peripheral pulmonic stenosis 124
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What are 7 signs of congestive heart failure?
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hepatomegaly
gallop tachypnea wheezes and rales tachycardia abnormal pulses diaphoresis with feeding 124 |
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Gallop can be a sign of which congenital heart defect?
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hypoplastic left heart syndrome 124
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What is the most common type of heart defect and what are its indications?
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ventricular septal defect
a loud, harsh blowing pansystolic murmur best hear over left sternal border, usually on 2nd or 3rd day of life 124 |
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What are petechiae?
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small pinpoint hemorrhagic skin lesions frequently seen on the presenting part and on the face if there is a history of nuchal cord 122
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Extensive bruising is usually associated with traumatic delivery and may result in early...
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jaundice 120
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Where do milia appear, what color are they, and how long does it take for them to disappear?
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-on chin, nose, forehead and cheeks
- yellow or pearly white "pinheads" -within a few weeks 120 |
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The harlequin phenomenon in a newborn may be benign or may indicate that ____ is occurring, as in sepsis or persistent pulmonary hypertension.
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shunting of the blood 121
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Jaundice in infants under 24 hours of age may signify ___ or infection.
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blood group incompatibility 120
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Plethora is common in infants with ___ or in infants who are ___ or ___.
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polycythemia
overoxygenated overheated 120 |
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With obvious jaundice, bilirubin levels in the blood are usually higher than ___.
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5 mg/dL 120
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Pallor may be secondary to ___, birth asphyxia or shock.
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anemia 120
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Cyanosis is usually perceived clinically when O2 saturation is reduced to less than __%.
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85% page 120
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___ ___ is a transient cutaneous lesion with numerous small areas of red skin with a yellowish white papule in the center. They are most noticeable at 48 hours and resolve spontaneously 4-5 days after appearing.
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erythema toxicum 121
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Erythema toxicum usually is most noticeable at 48 hours but can appear as late as __ to __ days.
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7 to 10 days 121
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How long does a mongolian spot persist?
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usually fades during late infancy or at least by 4 years old - but may persist into adulthood 121
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Where is macular hemangioma usually seen?
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occipital area, eyelids, glabella (forehead over eyebrows) 121
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What is miliaria and what should be done to resolve it?
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transient lesions that commonly occur in a warm environment as the result of obstruction of sweat gland ducts. Rapid resolution occurs following removal to a cooler environment 122
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Hemangioma proliferation occurs for 6 to 8 months, but involution may take many ___. |
years 122
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Periocular hemangiomas require ___ and ___.
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ophthalmologic consultation and aggressive treatment 123
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Lumbosacral hemangiomas may indicate underlying...
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tethered cord 123
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