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204 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 3 types of non-narcotics.
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acetaminophen,aspirin,nonsteroidal anti-inflamm drugs
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Give 3 properties of nsaids including aspirin.
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-analgesic
-anti-inflammatory -anti-pyretic |
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How do non-narcotics work?
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Block cyclooxygenase which is needed to synthesize prostaglandins which cause inflammation.
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Which cox protects the stomach-lining, decreases temperature, and promotes platelet aggregation.
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cox 1
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Which cox triggers pain and inflammation?
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cox 2
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Give some examples of cox 1 inhibitors.
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ibuprofen,aspirin,naproxen
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What are the 4 side effects of cox 1 inhibitors?
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gastric irritation, ulcers, gi bleeding, decreased blood clotting
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What are two examples of cox 2 inhibitors?
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celebrex and mobic
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How do cox 2 inhibitors differ from cox 1 inhibitors?
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less gi disturbance, no effect on blood clotting, and increased effectiveness related to pain and inflammation
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What is enteric coated and caffeine aspirins?
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ecotrin and anacin
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What should you not give to children under 12 and why?
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aspirin- reye's syndrome
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What does aspirin do to platelet aggregation?
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decreases clotting
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How should nsaids be taken?
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with food to prevent gi upset
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What occurs if you have a nsaid overdose?
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salicylate od-tinnitus (ringing in ears), dizziness, bronchospasm,and itchiness
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What is trade name of acetaminophen?
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tylenol
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How does acetaminophen work?
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Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis...not on cox inhibitors
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Is acetaminophen able to be taken by all ages?
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yes- no link to reye's
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How is acetaminophen different than nsaids and aspirin?
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no gastric issues, no effect on clotting, no anti-inflammatory properties though
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What is the mass daily dose of tylenol (acetaminophen) a day? what about liver patients?
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4 grams a day and 2000 mg w/ liver patients
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How do narcotic analgesics work?
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They suppress pain impulses and has cns effects.
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Give 3 types of opioid derivatives.
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codeine,synthetic codeine, morphine
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What are the side effects 7 of narcotic analgesics?
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respiratory suppression,anti-tussive effects, nausea, vomiting,decreased bp,orthostatic hypotension,urinary retention
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What is the antidote for narcotics?
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naxolone (narcan)
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What should be avoided when taking narcotics?
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alcohols,sedatives,hypnotics....anything that could cause cns depression...and patients with head injuries
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When would you use morphine? (3)
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mi,cancer pain,dyspnea
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What are the 5 routes of administration for morphine?
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po,iv,im,sr,pca pump
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What kind of conditions should you not use morphine with?
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asthma,increase intercranial pressure and shock
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What is hydromorphone (dilaudid)?
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synthetic morphine that is 5-10 x more potent than morphine
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What is meperidine (demerol)?
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synthetic narcotic
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How does demerol differ from morphine?
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shorter duration of action and no anti-tussive properties
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What are the 3 routes of administration for demerol?
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im,iv,po
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What was demerol used for?
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post-op pain..changing
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What are the 5 se of morphine?
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respiratory depression, orthostat hypotension, drowsiness,constipation,and urinary retention
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Is codeine more potent than morphine or demerol?
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no
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Can codeine be used with head injuries?
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yes
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What kind of property does codeine have?
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anti-tussive
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How is codeine combined?
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frequently with synthetic drugs and combo with acetaminophen,aspirin,ibuprofen
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What is fentanyl (duragesic)?
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transdermal opioid analgesic
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What does fentanyl provide?
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continuous pain control for chronic or cancer pain
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WHAT ARE COLD, ACUTE RHINITIS, SINUSITIS, AND ACUTE PHARYNGITIS?
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URI
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WHAT PART OF THE TRACT DOES THE COMMON COLD AFFECT?
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NASOPHARYNGEAL
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WHAT IS ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE NOSE?
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ACTUE RHINITIS
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WHEN IS A COLD MOST CONTAGIOUS?
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1-4 DAYS BEFORE ONSET OF SYMPTOMS WHICH IS THE INCUBATION PERIOD AND DURING FIRST 3 DAYS OF THE COLD
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HOW DOES COLD TRANSMISSION MOSTLY OCCUR?
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TOUCHING CONTAMINATED THINGS THEN TOUCHING THE NOSE OR THE MOUTH
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR GROUPS OF DRUGS USED TO TREAT THE COMMON COLD?
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ANTIHISTAMINES,DECONGESTANTS,ANTITUSSIVES,AND EXPECTORANTS
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WHAT ARE H1 BLOCKERS OR H1 ANTAGONISTS?
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ANTIHISTAMINES
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HOW DO ANTIHISTAMINES WORK?
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THEY COMPETE WITH HISTAMINE FOR RECEPTOR SITES THUS PREVENTING A HISTAMINE RESPONSE.
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WHICH H RECEPTOR WHEN STIMULATED, CONSTRICTS EXTRAVASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE INCLUDING THE NASAL CAVITY?
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H1
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WHICH H RECEPTOR WHEN STIMULATED, INCREASES GASTRIC SECRETIONS?
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H2
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ARE ANTIHISTAMINES USEFUL IN ER SITUATIONS SUCH AS ANAPHPHYLAXIS?
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NO
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HOW FAST ARE ANTIHISTAMINES ABSORBED?
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15 MINUTES
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WHICH GENERATION OF A-HISTAMINES CAUSES DROWSINESS,DRY MOUTH, AND OTHER ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS?
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FIRST GENERATION
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WHICH GENERATION OF A-HISTAMINES HAVE FEWER ANTICHOLINGERGIC EFFECTS AND A LOWER INCIDENCE OF DROWSINESS?
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SECOND GENERATION
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WHAT FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINE IS FREQUENTLY COMBINED WITH OTHER INGREDIENTS IN COLD REMEDIES TO TREAT RHINITIS?
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DIPHENHYRAMINE
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WHAT ARE CETIRIZINE(ZYRTEC) FEXOFENADINE(ALLEGRA) AND LORATADINE (CLARITIN) ARE WHAT KIND OF DRUGS?
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2ND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINES
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HOW DO NASAL DECONGESTANTS WORK?
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THEY STIMULATE THE ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS, PRODUCING VASCULAR CONSTRICTION OF THE CAPILLARIES.
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WHAT CAN FREQUENT USE OF NASAL DECONGESTANTS, ESPECIALLY IN SPRAY OR DROPS RESULT IN?
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TOLERANCE AND REBOUND NASAL CONGESTION DUE TO IRRITATION OF THE NASAL MUCOSA
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WHAT ARE SYSTEMIC DECONGESTANTS (ALPHA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS) USED FOR?
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ALLERGIC RHINITIS,HAY FEVER,ACUTE CORYZA(PROFUSE NASAL DISCHARGE)
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WHAT ARE EPHEDRINE, PHENYLEPHRINE(NEO-SYNEPHRINE), AND PSUEDOEPHEDRINE (SUDAFED)?
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SYSTEMIC DECONGESTANTS
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WHAT DRUG WHICH WAS A SYSTEMIC DECONGESTANT WAS TAKEN OFF THE SHELF DUE TO REPORTS OF STROKE, HIGH BP, RENAL FAILURE, AND DYSRHYTHMIAS?
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PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE
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WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF SYSTEMIC DECONGESTANTS AND THE DOWNSIDE COMPARED TO NASAL DECONGESTANTS?
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THEY RELIEVE NASAL CONGESTION FOR A LONGER PERIOD THAN NASAL DECONGESTANTS, BUT THEY ALSO ACT SLOWER AND CAUSE FEWER SEFFECTS.
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WHAT ARE THE SA OF DECONGESTANTS?
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NERVOUS,JITTERY,RESTLESS,INCREASED BP, INCREASED GLUCOSE
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USAGE OF NASAL DECONGESTANTS LONGER THAN 5 DAYS COULD RESULT IN WHAT?
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REBOUND NASAL CONGESTION
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WHAT KIND OF PPL SHOULD USE CAUTION WHEN USING ALPHA-ADRENERGICS (DECONGESTANTS)?
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people with hypertension, heart disease, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes mellitus
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HOW DOES CAFFIENE EFFECT DECONGESTANTS?
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INCREASE RESTLESSNESS AND PALPITATIONS
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HOW DOES PSUEDOEPHEDRINE AFFECT BETA BLOCKERS?
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DECREASES THEIR EFFECTS
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TAKING DECONGESTANTS WITH MONOAMINE OXIDASE COULD LEAD TO WHAT?
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THEY MAY INCREASE THE POSSIBILITY OF HYPERTENSION OR CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS
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WHAT ARE INTRANASAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS USED FOR?
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TREATING ALLERGIC RHINITIS
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HOW DO GLUCOCORTICOIDS WORK?
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THEY HAVE AN ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTION...
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NAME SIX EXAMPLES OF INTRANASAL STERIODS.
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1. BECLOMETHASONE
2.BUDESONIDE 3.DEXAMETHASONE 4.FLUNISOLIDE 5.FLUTICASONE 6.TRIAMCINOLONE |
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CAN GCORTICOIDS BE USED WITH H1 ANTIHISTAMNIES?
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YES
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HOW LONG SHOULD YOU USE INTRANASAL DEXAMETHASONE?
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30 DAYS OR LESS
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DO STEROIDS CAUSE SYSTEMIC EFFECTS?
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RARELY
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HOW DO ANTITUSSIVES ACT?
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THEY ACT ON THE COUGH-CONTROL CENTER IN THE MEDULLA TO SUPPRESS THE COUGH REFLEX.
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WHAT KIND OF COUGH CAN YOU HAVE AND TAKE ANTI-TUSSIVES?
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NONPRODUCTIVE AND IRRITATING
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WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF ANTITUSSIVES?
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NARCOTIC,NON-NARCOTIC AND COMBO PREPARATIONS
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EXPECTORANTS?
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THEY LOOSEN BRONCHIAL SECRETIONS SO THEY CAN BE COUGHED UP.
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WHAT IS THE BEST EXPECTORANT/
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HYDRATION
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WHAT IS INFLAMMATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF ONE OR MORE OF THE MAXILLARY,FRONTAL,ETHMOID,OR SPHENOID SINUES?
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SINUSITIS
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WHAT IS HELPFUL FOR SINUSITIS?
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ACETAMINOPHEN,DECONGESTANT,FLUIDS,REST...ANTIBIOTICS IF ACUTE OR SEVERE
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WHAT IS INFLAMMATION OF THE THROAT?
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ACUTE PHARYNGITIS
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WHAT ARE THE 3 CAUSES OF ACUTE PHARYNGITIS?
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VIRUS,BACTERIA,OR BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
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WHAT ARE SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE PHARYNGITIS?
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ELEVATED TEMP AND COUGH
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A THROAT CULTURE RETURNS POSITIVE FOR BETA-HEMOLYTICS STREPTOCOCCI..WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?
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10 day antibiotic course prescribed..saline gargle,lozenges,increased fluid intake...acetaminophen for fever
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WHAT IS COPD AND RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE?
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CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE ...LOWER RESP TRACT DISORDERS
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WHAT CAUSES COPD?
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INCREASED AIRWAY RESISTANCE OF AIRFLOW TO THE LUNG TISSUES
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WHAT ARE THE 4 MAJOR PULMONARY DISORDERS THAT CAUSE COPD?
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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS,BRONCHIECTASIS,EMPHYSEMA,ASTHMA
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HOW CAN ASTHMA CAUSE PERMANENT LUNG DAMAGE?
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IF ATTACKS ARE FREQUENT AND BECOMES CHRONIC
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COPD PATIENTS HAVE A DECREASE IN WHAT DISCOVERED BY TESTING?
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FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN 1 SECOND
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WHAT IS A DISEASE IN WHICH A DEREASE IN TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY AS A RESULT OF FLUID ACCUMULATION OR LOSS OF ELASTICITY OF THE LUNG?
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RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
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PULMONARY EDEMA,FIBROSIS,PHUEMONITIS,TUMORS,SCOLIOSIS, AND DISORDERS AFFECTING THE THORACIC MUSCULAR WALL ALL CAUSE WHAT?
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RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE
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Name 7 drugs that treat copd.
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1.bronchodilators
2.methylxanthines 3.leukotriene antagonists 4.glucocorticoids 5.cromolyn 6.anticholinergics 7.mucolytics |
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What is an inflammatory disorder that involves hyperresponsiveness of the airways with varying amount of airway obstruction?
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astma
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What 3 things trigger asthma
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stress,allergens and pollutants
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Which asthma is characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, mucus, and dyspnea?
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bronchial asthma
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IN WHAT DISEASES IS LUNG DAMAGE PERMANENT?
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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, EMPHYSEMA, BRONCHIECTASIS
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IS THERE WHEEZING IN BRONCHITIS,EMPHYSEMA,AND BRONCHIECTASIS?
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NO
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WHAT IS A PROGRESSIVE LUNG DISEASE CAUSED BY SMOKING OR CHRONIC LUNG INFECTIONS?
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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
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INFLAMMATION AND MUCUS DO WHAT IN CHRONIC BRONCHITIS?
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AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
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WHAT CAN BE HEARD ON AUSCULATATION IN CHRONIC BRONCHITIS?
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INSP AND EXP RHONCHI
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WHAT TWO THINGS LEAD TO RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS IN CHRONIC BRONCHITIS?
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HYPERCAPNIA AND HYPOXEMIA
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WHAT DISEASE HAS AN ABNORMAL DILATION OF BRONCHI AND BRONCHIOLES SECONDARY TO FREQUENT INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION?
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BRONCHIECTASIS
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WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BRONCHIOLES DURING BRONCHIECTASIS?
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THEY BECOME OBSTRUCTED BY THE BREAKDOWN OF THE EPTHELIUM OF THE BRONCHIAL MUCOSA...TISSUE FIBROSIS MY RESULT
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WHAT ARE THE 3 CAUSES OF EMPHYSEMA?
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CIGARETTES,ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINANTS, OR LACK OF ALPHA-ANTITRYPSIN PROTEIN
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HOW DOES THE ALPHA-ANTITRYPSIN PROTEIN WORK?
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WORKS ON PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES RELEASED BY BACTERIA OR PHAGOCYTIC CELLS
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What happens to the bronchioles during emphysema?
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The terminal ones become plugged with mucus, causing a loss in the fiber and elastin network in the alveoli. The alveoli enlarge as walls are destroyed and air gets trapped in the overstretched albeoli leading to inadequate gas exchange.
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Name 7 types of drugs prescribed for copd.
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bronchodilators,glucocortoids,leukotriene modifiers,expectorants, and antibiotics,cromolyn and nedocromil
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What is the function of glucocortcoids?
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decrease inflammation
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What is the function of leukotriene modifiers?
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reduce inflammation of lung
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What are the functions of cromolyn and nedrocromil
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antiflammatory agents by suppressing the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells
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What is periods of bronchospasm resulting in wheezing and difficulty in breathing?
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bronchial asthma
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What increases cAMP, causing dilation of the bronchioles?
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sympathomimetics: alpha- and beta2 adrengergic agonists
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What drug could be given during acute bronchospasm r/t allergic anaphylaxis to promote bronchodilation and elevate bp?
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sympathomimetic epinephrine (ADRENALIN0
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WHAT IS ADMINISTERED IN IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS TO RESTORE CIRCULATION AND INCREASE AIRWAY PATENCY?
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EPIHINEPHRINE
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FOR BRONCHOSPASMS R/T CHRONIC ASTHMA OR COPD, WHAT IS GIVEN?
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BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS BECAUSE THEY ACT PRIMARILY ON BETA 2 RECEPTORS, THEREFORE SIDE EFFECTS ARE LESS SEVERE THAN THOSE OF EPINEPHRINE WHICH ACTS ON ALPHA,BETA,AND BETA2 RECEPTORS
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WHAT ARE THE NEWER BETA-ADRENERGIC DRUGS FOR ASTHMA MORE SELECTIVE FOR?
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BETA 2 RECEPTORS
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WHAT DO HIGH DOSE OR OVERUSE OF BETA2 ADRENERGIC AGENTS FOR ASTHMA CAUSE?
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BETA 1 RESPONSE SUCH AS NERVOUSNESS, TREMOR, AND INCREASED PULSE
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WHAT IS AN IDEAL BETA2 AGONIST AND WHY IS IT IDEAL?
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ALBUTEROL- SELECTIVE FOR BETA2 AND CAUSES BRONCHODILATION WITH A LONGER DURATION OF ACTION.
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WHAT IS METAPROTERNOL?
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BETA-ADRENERGIC AGENT USED PRIMARILY ON BETA2 BUT CAN HAS SOME BETA1
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WHAT IS ADMINISTERED FOR LONG TERM ASTHMA?
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BETA2-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS BY INHALATION
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WHAT IS GOOD ABOUT INHALATION ROUTE ADMINISTRATION?
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GOOD BECAUSE DELIVERS MORE DRUG DIRECTLY TO THE CONSTRICTED SITE, LESS TO ADMINISTER THAN IF GIVEN PO, AND FEWER SIDE EFFECTS- FASTER
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WHAT WAS THE FIRST BETA-ADRENERGIC AGENT USED FOR BRONCHOSPASM?
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ISOPROTERENOL
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WHAT DOES ISOPROTERENOL STIMULATE AND HOW LONG IS IT'S ACTION?
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BETA 1 AND 2 RECEPTORS-SHORT
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WHAT OCCURS IF BETA 1 RECEPTORS ARE STIMULATED?
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HEART RATE INCREASES AND TACHYCARDIA EXISTS
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WHAT OCCURS IF BETA 2 RECEPTORS ARE STIMULATED?
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PROMOTES BRONCHODILATION
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HOW IS ISOPROTERENOL ADMINISTERED?
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INHALE,NEBULIZE,IV FOR SEVERE ATTACKS
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WHY IS ISOPROTERENOL SELDOMLY PRESCRIBED?
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SEVERE SIDE EFECTS FROM BETA 1 RESPONSES
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WHY WOULD ONE USE A SPACER?
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TO IMPROVE DRUG DELIVERY TO THE LUNG WITH LESS DEPOSITION IN THE MOUTH
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WHAT CAN EXCESSIVE USE OF AEROSOL DRUG LEAD TO?
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TOLERANCE AND LOSS OF EFFECTIVENESS,PARADOXICAL AIRWAY RESISTANCE,TREMORS,NERVOUSNESS,INCREASED HEART RATE
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WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS OF EPINEPHRINE? 7
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1.DIZZNESS
2.TREMOR 3.PALPITATIONS 4.TACHYCARDIA 5.DYSRHYTHMIA 6.ANGINA 7.HYPERTENSION |
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WHAT ARE THE SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH BETA 2-ADRENERGICS? 6
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1. TREMOR
2.HEADACHE 3.NERVOUSNESS 4.INCREASED PULSE 5.PALPITATIONS 6.INCREASE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL |
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IF TOLERANCE TO BETA2 ADRENERGICS OCCURS WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?
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DOSE INCREASED MAYBE OR IF FAIL TO CORRECT MAY WORSEN THE ASTHMA AND REQUIRES NEW EVALUATION
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WHAT IS IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE OR ATROVENT?
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ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUG THAT TREATS ASTHMATIC CONDITIONS BY DILATION
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WHAT ANTICHOLINERGIC HAS THE FEWEST SIDE EFFECTS?
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IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE OR ATROVENT
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IF SOMEONE USES ATROVENT AND A BETA-AGONIST INHALANT,HOW SHOULD THEY ADMINISTER THEIR MEDS?
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THEY SHOULD ADMINISTER THE BETA-AGONIST INHALANT 5 MINS BEFORE USING ATROVENT
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HOW SHOULD SOMEONE ADMINISTER THEIR MEDS IF ON ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENT WITH AN INHALED GLUCOCORTICOID OR COMROLYN?
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THE ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENT SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED 1ST 5 MINS BEFORE THE CROMOLYN OR GLUCOCORTICOID BECAUSE THIS WILL CAUSE BRONCHIOLES TO DILATE AND THE STEROID OR CROMOLYN CAN BE DEPOSITED IN THE BRONCHIOLES
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WHAT COMBO-DRUGS ARE USED TO TREAT CHRONIC BRONCHITIS?
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IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE-ATROVENT AND ALBUTEROL SULFATE COMBIVENT BECAUSE MORE EFFECTIVE TOGETHER AND INCREASE THE FEV
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WHAT IS THE FEV?
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paramater used to evaluate asthmatics and obstructive lung disease and response to bronchodilator therapy
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What are methylxanthine derivatives?
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bronchodilators used to treat asthma
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What are 3 xanthines?
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caffiene,aminophylline, and thophylline
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What are xanthines function? 5
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bronchodilate,stimulate cns, respiration,dilate coronary vessels,cause diuresis
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Theophylline has what function?
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relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchi,bronchioles, and pulmonary blood vessels by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase...increases camp
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What is special about Theophylline's therapeutic index and range?
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low ti and narrow tr
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What can you give with theophylline?
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sympathomimetic adrenergic agents
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What is theophylline prescribed for?
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maintenance therapy for chronic stable asthma and other copds
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Who should you not give theophylline?
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clients with renal, liver, or cardac diseases.
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What are side effects of theophylline? 18
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1.nausea
2.vomit 3.anorexia 4.gastric pain 5.intestinal bleed 6.nervousness 7.dizziness 8.headache 9.irritability 10.dystrhymia 11.tachycard 12.hypotensive 13.hyprreflexia 14.seizures 15.insomnia 16.hyperglycemia 17.decreased clot time 18.rarely low wbc more severe in children |
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how can you decrease the potential for side effects when taking theophylline?
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dont take other xanthinies with it
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if thophylline-aminophylline is the derivative is given iv-how?
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slowly via infusion pump iv
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HOW DOES BETA BLOCKERS, TAGAMET,INDERAL,AND ERYTHROMYCIN AFFECT?
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DECREASE LIVER RATE AND INCREASE THE HALF LIFE AND EFFECTS OF THEOPHYLIINE
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WHAT TWO DRUGS DECREASE THE EFFECTS OF THEOPHYLLINE?
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BARBITUATE AND CARBAMAZEPINE
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WHAT IS A CHEMICAL MEDIATOR THAT CAN CAUSE INFLAMMATORY CHANGES IN THE LUNG?
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LEUKOTRIENE
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WHAT LEUKOTRIENES ARE AFFETIVE IN EOSINOPHIL MIGRATION, MUCUS, AND AIRWAY WALLA EDENA..BCONSTRICT?
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CYSTEINYL LEUKOTRIENES
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WHAT LEUKOTRIENES ARE EFFECTIVE IN REDUING THE INFLAMMATORY SYMPTOMS OF ASTHMA ?
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LT RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST AND LT SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS..LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIERS
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WHAT ARE LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIERS USED FOR?
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EXERCISE-INDUCED ASTHMA-CHRONIC ASTHMA NOT ACUTE!
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NAME 3 LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIERS.
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ACCOLATE,ZYFLO,SINGULAIR
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WHAT ARE FUNCTIONS OF ACCOLATE?
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LT RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST....REDUCE BRONCHOCONSTRICTION
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WHAT IS FUNCTION OF ZYFLO?
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LT SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR....DECREASES BRONCHOCONSTRICTION....
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ACCOLATE AND ZYFLO ARE GIVEN TO WHOM?
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12 YEARS AND UP
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WHO CAN HAVE SINGULAIR?
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6 Y AND OLDER
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WHAT IS FUNCTION OF SINGULAIR?
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LT RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
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WHAT ARE GLUCOSTEROIDS USED FOR?
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TREAT RESP DISORDERS ASTHMA
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WHAT KIND OF ACTION DO GLUCOSTEROIDS HAVE?
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ANTIINFLAMMATORY
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WHEN ARE GLUCOSTEROIDS USED?
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WHEN PT. IS UNRESPONSIVE TO BRONCHODILATOR THERAPY OR IF CLIENT HAS ATACK WHILE ON MAX DOSE OF THEOPHYLLINE OR AN ADRENERGIC DRUG
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WHAT ARE 3 WAYS GLUCOSTEROIDS CNA BE GIVEN?
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MDI,TABLET,IV
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NAME 2 GLUCOCORTICOID INHALANTS
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VANCERIL AND BELCOVENT
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NAME 7 TABLETS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS..
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1.AMCORT
2.ARISTOCORT 3.AZMACORT 4.DECADRON 5.PREDNISONE 6.PRENISOLONE 7.METHYLPREDNISOLONE |
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WHAT ARE TWO IV GLUCOCORTICOIDS
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1. HYDROCORTISONE
2. DEXAMETHASONE |
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WHY WOULD YOU NOT GIVE A GLUCOCORTICOID INHALANT WITH A SEVERE ASTHMA ATTACK?
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WOULD TAKE 1-4 WEEKS FOR AN INHALED STEROID TO REACH FULL EFFECT....GIVE IV...AND WEAN TO ORAL OR INHALED
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WHY SHOULD GLUCOCORTICOIDS BE GIVEN WITH FOOD?
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THEY CAN IRRIATE GASTRIC MUCOSA.
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WHY SHOULD GLUCOCORTICOIDS BE WEANED SLOWLY?
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PREVENT ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
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WHY IS IT MORE DANGEROUS TO GIVE PO GLUCOCORTICOIDS THAN WITH INHALANT?
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ADRENAL SUPPRESSION
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WHAT IS ADVAIR AND WHAT IS ITS FUNCTION?
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GLUCOCORTICOD AND SALMETEROL..KEEPS ASTHMA IN CHECK...2X A DAY...NOT REPLACE FAST-ACT INHALER FOR SUDDEN SYMPTOMS...ALLEVIATES AIRWAY CONSTRICTION AND INFLAMMATION
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WHAT ARE SE RELATED TO ORALLY INHALED GLUCOCORTICOIDS?
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LOCAL-THROAT IRRIATION,HOARSENSS,DRY MOUTH,COUGHING,FUNGAL INFECTIONS
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HOW CAN CANDIDA ALBICANS BE PREVENTED WITH INHALED GLUCOCORTICOIDS?
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SPACER, RINSE AFTER DOSING, WASHING DAILY WITH WARM WATER
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WHAT ARE SE OF LONG TERM ORAL OR IV GLUCOCORTICOIDS?
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PUFFY EYELIDS,EDEMA IN LOWER EXTREMITIES,MOON FACE,WEIGHT GAIN,THIN SKIN,PURPURA,ABNORMAL FAT DISTRIBUTION,INCREASED BLOOD SUGAR,IMPAIRED IMMMUNE RESPONSE
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WHAT IS INTAL -CROMOLYN SODIUM- USED FOR?
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PROPHYLACTIC TX OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA DAILY
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IS INTAL USED DAILY?
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YES, NOT FOR ACUTE ASTHMA ATTACKS...
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HOW DOES CROMOLYN INTAL WORK?
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STOPS RELEASE OF HISTAMINE, WHICH CAUSES ASTHMA ATTACK
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WHAT ARE SE OF CROMOLYN INTAL?
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BAD TASTE AND COUGH
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HOW IS CROMOLYN ADMINISTERED?
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INHALED
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WHAT 2 CAN CROMOLYN BE ADMINISTERED WITH?
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BETA ADRENERGICS AND XANTHINE DERIVATIVES
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WHY SHOULD CROMOLYN NOT BE DISCONTINUED ABRUPTLY?
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REBOUND ASTHMA ATTACK CAN OCCUR
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WHAT IS FUNCTION OF NEDOCROMIL SODIUM?
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ANTIINFLAMMATORY SUPPRESSES RELEASE OF HISTAMINE,LEUKOTRIENES,AND OTHERS FROM MAST CELLS..PREVENTS...NOT FOR ACUTE ASTHMA ATTACK
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WHAT IS MORE EFFECTIVE CROMOLYN OR NEDOCROMIL?
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NEDOCROMIL
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WHAT DRUGS USED FOR ASTHMATIC CHILDREN? 4
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CROMOLYN OR NEDROCROMIL
GLUCOSTEROID OR ORAL BETA2-ADRENERGIC AGONIST |
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WHAT DRUGS NOT USED FOR ASTHMATIC ELDERS? 3
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BETA2-ADRENERGIC AGONIST, METHYLXANTHINES,GLUCOSTEROIDS...CAUSE SIDE EFFECTS
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WHAT IS FUNCTION OF MUCOLYTICS?
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LIQUEFY AND LOOSEN THICK MUCOUS SECRETIONS SO THEY CAN BE EXPECTORATED
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HOW IS MUCOMYST ADMINISTERED?
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NEBULIZER
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SHOULD MUCOLYTICS BE MIXED?
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NO BUT CAN BE ADMINISTERED ALONGSIDE
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HOW SHOULD BRONCHODILATORS AND MUCOLYTICS BE ADMINISTERED TOGETHER?
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BRONCHODILATOR 5 MIN BEFORE
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WHAT ARE 4 SIDE EFFECTS OF MUCOLYTICS?
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NAUSEA,VOMIT,ORAL ULCERS,RUNNY NOSE
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WHAT CAN MUCOMYST BE USED AS OTHER THAN A MUCOLYTIC/
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ACETAMINOPHEN ANTIDOTE IF GIVEN WITHIN 12-24 HOURS OF OVERDOSE
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WHAT DOES PULMOZYNE DO?
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MUCOLYTIC THAT DIGESTS DNA IN THICK SPUTUM SECRETIONS OF CLIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS, REDUCES INFECTION, IMPROVES PULMONARY FUNCTION
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WHAT ARE THE 4 SIDE EFFECTS OF PULMOZYME?
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CHEST PAIN,SORE THROAT,LARYNGITIS,AND HOARSENESS
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What three effects are there for nsaids?
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antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic
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What is aspirin?
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aspirin is a salicylate and nsaid
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What are the two functions of aspirin?
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fever reducer and analgesic and decreases platelet aggregation
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Who should not take aspirin?
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children under 12-reye syndrome
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Why would mds prescribe 81-162-325 mg once a day and one 325 mg tablet every other day of aspirin?
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prevent transiet ischemic attacks, mi, or any clot epidsode
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How does aspirin and nsaids relieve pain?
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They inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase,which is needed to make prostaglandins
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Which cox protects stomach lining and regulates blood clots?
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cox 1
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Which cox triggers pain and inflammation at the injured site?
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cox 2
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What two groups of analgesics inhibit or block cox 1 and cox 2?
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salicylates and nsaids
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