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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is activated charcoal used? |
It absorbs a wide variety of toxins and is often give to reduce absorption within the GI tract.
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What is gastric lavage?
When is it used? |
Stomach pumping
To rid the stomach of non-caustic substances that are not absorbed by activated charcoal, but only if less than 1 hour has elapsed since ingestion. Ipecac is also an option |
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What is the 3 antidotes are available to opioids?
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Naloxone (Narcan) - given IV, IM or SC
Nalmefene (Revex) Naltrexone (Trexan) ***Adverse effects can occur secondary to withdrawal symptoms*** |
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Which of these agents is used for opioid and alcohol dependence?
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Naltrexone (Trexan) - Do not give until patient is opioid free for 7-10 days
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What is the antidote to benzodiazepines?
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Flumazenil (Romazicon)
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What is the antidote to Ethanol, Methanol and Ethylene glycol?
What is its mechanism? |
Fomepizole (Antizol) - inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of ethanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol
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What is the antidote to anticholinergic drugs?
What is its mechanism? |
Physostigmine (Eserine) - Inhibits destruction of acetylcholine via acetylcholinesterase prolonging the effects of acetylcholine
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What is the antidote to Digoxin?
What is its mechanism? |
Digoxin Immune Fab (Digibind) - Antigen binding fragments (Fab) bind digoxin and the complex accumulates in the blood (digoxin levels will increase, but this is okay)
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What is the antidote for Isophosphamide and cyclophosphamide?
What is its mechanism? |
Mesna (Mesnex) - Binds to and inactivates acrolein, the urotoxic metabolite of these medications
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What is mesna used for?
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The prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis induced by ifosfamide
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What is the antidote for Doxorubicin?
What is its mechanism? |
Dexrazoxane (Zinecard) - Cardioprotective agent that interferes with iron-mediated oxygen free radical generation
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What is the antidote for Cisplatin?
What is its mechanism? |
Amifostine (Ethyol) - Binds to and detoxifys reactive metabolites of cisplatin
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What is the antidote for Heparin?
What is its mechanism? |
Protamine - Combines with heparin to form a stable salt form that neutralizes its anticoagulant activity
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What is the antidote of warfarin?
What is its mechanism? |
Vitamin K - Phytonadione (Mephyton) - Promotes liver synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X
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What is the antidote for methotrexate?
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Leucovorin - It is the reduced form of folic acid, suplies the necessary cofactor blocked by methotrexate
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What is the antidote for leflunomide (Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor used in RA)?
What is its mechanism? |
Cholestyramine resin (Questran) - Binds toxic agents in the biliary, forms a complex with bile acids in the intestine, and inhibits enterohepatic reuptake
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What is the antidote for acetaminphen?
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Acetylcysteine
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What is the antidote for cholinergics?
What is the mechanism? |
Atropine (Atropen) - Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in the smooth muscle, secretory glands, and the central nervous system
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