Names, Events, Places, And Terms

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Commodore Matthew Perry

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American sea captain; sent by Pres. M. Fillmore to Japan (1853) to open trade and end their isolation. Signed Treaty of Kanagawa.

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President Millard Fillmore

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He was persident in 1850 to 1853 and opened Japan to western trade.

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Secretary of State William Seward

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Russia told the U.S. Secretary of State, William Seward that it wanted to sell Alaska. Seward strongly favored U.S. expansion. He saw Alaska as a stepping stone for trade with Asia and the Pacific.

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Frederick Jackson Turner

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In 1893, this historian put forth a thesis that the western frontier had defined American history. He said that westward movement had built individualism and democratic values.

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Captain Alfred T. Mahan

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American Sea Captain. Argued U.S. must increase foreign trade. Thus needs overseas ports to protect merchant ships. Therfore U.S. must expand, take over foreign territory to acquire ports.

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Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii

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When Kalakaua died in 1891, his sister succeeded him. The new queen was a strong advocate of Hawaiian independence. She refused to recognize the 1887 constitution. She wanted to restore the power of the monarchy and reduce foregin influence in Hawaii.

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William Randolph Hearst

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Yellow Journalist who ran the New York Journal. He is notorious for the quote, "You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war."

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Commodore George Dewey

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American commander of Pacific Fleet. When war breaks out with Spain (1898) secretly sails ships to Philippines (a Spanish colony) and destroys Spanish fleet at Manila Harbor.

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Emilio Aguinaldo

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Filipino nationalist who led forces against the U.S. until 1901 when they realized that the U.S. would not grant the Philippines their independence.

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Theodore "Teddy" Roosevellt

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He was determined to build the Panama Canal. Not only would it improve global shipping, but it would also make it easier for the U.S. Navy to defend the nation's new overseas empire.

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William Gorgas

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An American expert on tropical diseases. He found out how people were getting malaria and yellow fever and nearly wiped out yellow fever and reduced malaria in Panama.

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Arrival of Perry in Japan

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In 1853, Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay on heavily armed U.S. warships. Perry presented the Japanese with a letter from the President calling for Japan to grant trading rights to Americans. The Japanese were awed by Perry's powerful ships and menacing guns. When Perry returned in 1854, they signed a treaty opening Japan for trade.

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American Purchase of Alaska

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The U.S. purached Alaska for about 2 cents an acre. The purchase increased the area of the U.S. by almost one fifth.

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Overthrow of Queen of Hawaii

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In 1893, american planters persuaded the U.S. Marines to help overthrow the queen and set up a pro-American government.

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Annexation of Hawaii

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President Grover Cleveland rejected a proposal plan to annex Hawaii. Cleveland's successor, William McKinley, however, favored annexation and supported a treaty to achieve it. On July 7, 1898, Congress voted to make Hawaii a territory of the United States.

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Boxer Rebellion

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anti foreign rebellion in China; attempt by Chinese natives to push out foreign influence

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Sinking of USS Marine

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U.S. Battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor, Cuba on February 15, 1898. This event directly led to U.S. involvement in the Spanish-American War.

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Spanish American War

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Treaty of Paris

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Revolt in Panama

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Japan

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In 1853, Commodore Matthew C. Perry sailed to Tokyo bay in heavly armed U.S. warships. Perry brought with him a letter from the President wanting to grant trading rights with the U.S. and Japan. When Perry returned in 1854, they signed a treaty opening Japan for trade.

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Alaska

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Alaska was the largest new territory aquired by the United States after the Civil War. The United States wanted the rights to fish in alaskan waters, so it purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867.

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Russia

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Alaska was a Russian colony. In 1867, Russia told U.S. Secretary of State William Seward that it wantedd to sell Alaska. We bought alaska for $7.2 million and increased the area of the United States by almost one fifth.

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Samoa

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A chain of islands in the south Pacific.

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Hawaii

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Wealthy American Plantation owners overthrow the Queen in 1893 with the help of U.S. marines. U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898.

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China

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In 1899, U.S. Secretary of State John Hay issued a message to the other powers. He called on them to keep an "open door" in China. By this, he meant that he wanted them to guarantee the rights of all nations to trade with China on an equal basis. The various nations responded cautiously, most saying neither yes or no. But Hey declared pubicly that the open door policy had been accepted.

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Spain

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Guam

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The Spanish-American War marked the beginning of the rise of the United States as a world power. By the terms of the peace treaty, Spain turned over Guam to the United States.

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Wake Island

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Philippines

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The Spanish-American War marked the beginning of the rise of the United States as a world power. By the terms of the peace treaty, Spain turned over the Philippines to the United States.

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Cuba

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The Spanish-American War marked the beginning of the rise of the United States as a world power. Cuba was granted independence from Spain, but it remained under American control from 1898 to 1902.

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Puerto Rico

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The Spanish-American War marked the beginning of the rise of the United States as a world power. By the terms of the peace treaty, Spain turned over Puerto Rico to the United States.

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Colombia

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Panama Canal

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Isolation (ism)

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Foreign policy of having little or nothing to do with other nations.

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Imperialism

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policy of when a powerful, stronger nation seeks to take control of the economic and political affairs of weaker nations or a region. Often leads to colonies. Examples- Europe in Africa; U.S. and Philippines

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"Seward Folly"

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Critical name given to Secretary of State, William Seward's 1867 purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million from Russia. People believed it to be a worthless "icebox" until gold was discovered in 1897, later oil in 1968.

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"Manifest Destiny"

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The belief or doctrine, held chiefly in the middle and latter part of the 19th century, that it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand its territory over the whole of North America and to extend and enhance its political, social, and economic influences.

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Sphere of Influence

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an area, usually around a seaport, where a nation had special trading privileges and laws to protect their citizens. See China.

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Open Door Policy

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1899- Policy proposed by U.S. to allow any nation (Europe, Japan, U.S.) to be allowed to trade in any other nation's sphere of influence in China.

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Boxers

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A person or thing that packs items into boxes.

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Social Darwinism

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A 19th-century theory, inspired by Darwinism, by which the social order is accounted as the product of natural selection of those persons best suited to existing living conditions and in accord with which a position of laissez-faire is advocated.

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"White Mans Burden"

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The lleged duty of the white race to care for subject peoples of other races in its colonial possessions.

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Markets

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An open place or a covered building where buyers and sellers convene for the sale of goods.

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Raw Materials

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Materials before being processed or manufactured into a final form.

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Reconcentration

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The forced movement of large numbers of people into detention camps for military or political reasons.

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Yellow Journalism

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sensational style of newspaper reporting which played on peoples emotions and helped influence events. Major cause of Spanish American War.

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Empire

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Supreme power in governing; imperial power; sovereignty

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Protectorate

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a country or region that is controlled by a more powerful country.

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Annex

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To add on or take over

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Isthmus

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A narrow strip of land joining two larger areas of land.

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Monroe Doctrine

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This stated that the United States would not allow European nations to created american colonies or interfere with the free nattions of Latin America.

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Roosevelt Corollary

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Extension of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), reserved the right of the U.S. to intervene in Latin American affairs through military force. Ex. collect debts, protect American property, suppress Civil War

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Dollar Diplomacy

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Pres. W.H. Taft's plan to "substitute dollars for bullets" in Latin America. Urges American businesses to invest there to increase U.S. influence in the region.