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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nitrous Oxide
Trade name Type |
Entonox
Inhalation anesthetics |
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Nitrous Oxide
USES |
-Mild to moderate pain control, esp musculoskeletal
-Very low anesthetic potency, very high analgesic potency. -INVERT CANISTER! |
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Nitrous Oxide
Admin |
-Self admin
-conc: 50%→N2O:O2 -surgical: conc 70% |
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Nitrous Oxide
CONTRAINDICATIONS: |
• Pneumothorax
• Bowel obstruction • Inability follows commands • Head injury - Intoxication |
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Nitrous Oxide
CAUTION: |
• Cardiac pain
• Fixed wing medevac |
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Midazolam
Trade Type |
Versed©
Intravenous anesthetics Benzodiazepines |
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Midazolam
USED |
-used as induction agent,
-for conscious sedation combined with opioid: sedation, analgesia, amnesia & lack of anxiety |
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Midazolam
MAO |
-produce anesthetic effects by enhancing effects of GABA
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Midazolam
Dose |
Pre-hospital dose
Induction 0.1mg/kb IVP (max single 5mg) Maintenance 0.05mg/kg IVP q 10 min prn Prep 1mg/ml – 5ml Vial |
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Midazolam
Adverse |
-cardiovas & resp depression
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Midazolam
Contra |
-myasthenia gravis
-hypotension -hypersensitivity |
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Midazolam
Cautions |
-Versed: minimal analgesic effects & not used for induction without opioid in pre-hospital
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Propofol
trade type |
Diprivan©
Sedative-Hypnotic Intravenous anesthetics |
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Propofol
USES |
-classified: Sedative-Hypnotic
-used for sedation or anesthesia -enhances effects of GABA -has rapid onset & short duration, however an infusion is used for maintenance -refrigerate |
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Propofol
ADVERSE: |
• Respiratory depression
• Hypotension • Pain at inj site • Carries high risk of sepsis (soybean oil, glycerol, egg lecithin) |
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Propofol
onset / duration |
Rapid Induction (60s)
Short duration (3-5m) |
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Propofol
CONTRA: |
• Allergy
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Etomidate
trade type |
Amidate©
Intravenous anesthetics Potent hypnotic agent |
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Etomidate
USES |
Induction of General Anesthesia
Potent hypnotic agent Considered quite safe |
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Etomidate
dose |
Induction: 0.3mg/kg IVP
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Etomidate
EFFECTS |
-GABA-like properties
-little effect on cardiovascular system, great for hypotension |
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Etomidate
ADVERSE: |
• N&V
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Ketamine
trade type |
Ketalar©
Intravenous anesthetics |
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Ketamine
Uses: |
-alternative for pain control
-pain control in hypotensive pts -procedural sedation -induction of: pediatric, resp, hypotensive pts -induction of pts in which loss of resp effort would pose significant risk |
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Ketamine
General Info |
-IV anesthetic with least amount of resp ↓
-negative psychological effects are least likely seen in children |
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Ketamine
dose |
Induction: 1.5mg/kg IVP
Maintenance: 0.5mg/kg IVP q 10 min PRN Pain Control: 0.2mg/kg IVP Supplied: 10mg/ml-20ml Vial |
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Ketamine
Effects |
• dissociative anesthesia
• catalepsy • amnesia • depersonalization with hallucinations • bronchodilation & ↑ CO • Profound analgesia |
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Ketamine
CONTRA |
• HTN, or when ↑BP harmful
• hypersensitivity |
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Thiopental Sodium
trade type |
Pentothal
Intravenous anesthetics Barbiturates |
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Thiopental Sodium
USES |
-to induce anesthesia, not to maintain
-cause anesthetic effects by mimicking GABA, →chloride influx into cells of CNS - Little muscle relaxation or analgesic effects |
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Thiopental Sodium
ADVERSE: |
• cardiovas/resp ↓
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