Nagy And Wagner Biology I

Front 1

Nagy Biology

CH 21

Back 1

Cut and Study

Front 2

What are characteristics of the structure of Escherichia Coli?

Back 2

rigid cell wall
flagella
pili

Front 3

What do bacterial cells lace?

Back 3

cell nucleus

Front 4

What did the biologist Wendell Stanley find about the purified virus in his 1935 investigation of the tobacco mosaic virus?

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the purified virus was a crystal that could infect healthy tobacco plants

Front 5

What is each particle of TMV made of?

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RNA and proteins

Front 6

What is one difference between bacteria and eukaryotes?

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bacterial chromosomes are circular, while eukaryotic chromosomes are linear

Front 7

How can HIV be transmitted?

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1. through sexual contact
2.through the sharing of nonsterile needles
3. to infants during pregnancy or through breast milk

Front 8

When you see Polyhedral virus, this refers to the structure of a virus's _________?

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capsid

Front 9

What do mining companies use when harvesting copper or uranium?

Back 9

chemoautotrophic bacteria

Front 10

In a process called nitrification, chemoautrophic bacteria that live in the soil play an important role in oxidizing ammonia into _____________?

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nitrate

Front 11

What is Tuberculosis the disease of?chemoautrophic

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the lungs

Front 12

What is one way bacteria cause disease?

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by metabolizing their hosts

Front 13

What are diseases that ARE transmitted through contaminated water?

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cholera
dysentery
typhoid fever

Front 14

A host chromosome withy a viral gene inserted into it

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provirus

Front 15

proteins with carbohydrate molecules attached

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glycoproteins

Front 16

a drug that interferes with the life processes in bacteria

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antibiotic

Front 17

a rod-shaped bacterial cell

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bacillus

Front 18

bacteria that feed on organic material formed by other organisms

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heterotrophic bacteria

Front 19

a spiral-shaped bacterial cell

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spirillum

Front 20

a thick wall formed around the chromosomes of some bacteria in times of environmental stress

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endospore

Front 21

a spiral-shaped bacterial cell

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spirillum

Front 22

a virus's protein coat

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capsid

Front 23

a thick wall formed around the chromosomes of some bacteria in times of environmental stress

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endospore

Front 24

a cycle in which the viral genome replicates without destroying the host cell

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lysogenic cycle

Front 25

a virus's protein coat

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capsid

Front 26

a bacteria-infecting virus

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bacteriophage

Front 27

a cycle in which the viral genome replicates without destroying the host cell

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conjugation

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a bacteria-infecting virus

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bacteriophage

Front 29

a cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction

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lytic cycle

Front 30

a process in which two organisms exchange genetic material

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conjugation

Front 31

a round bacterial cell

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coccus

Front 32

an agent that causes disease

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pathogen

Front 33

surrounds the capsid of many viruses and helps them enter cells

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envelope

Front 34

a cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction

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lytic cycle

Front 35

a process in which two organisms exchange genetic material

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conjugation

Front 36

a round bacterial cell

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coccus

Front 37

an agent that causes disease

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pathogen

Front 38

surrounds the capsid of many viruses and helps them enter cells

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envelope

Front 39

the gel-like layer outside of the cell wall of many bacteria

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capsule

Front 40

A(n) ___________is a segment of nucleic acids contained in a protein coat.

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virus

Front 41

Viruses must rely on ______ ________ for replication.

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host cells

Front 42

The capsid of viruses may enclose either the nucleic acid ______ or the nucleic acid------.

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DNA RNA

Front 43

Infectious particles called _______are composed of proteins and have no nucleic acid.

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prions

Front 44

HIV gradually infects and destroys so many _______ cells that people with AIDS often die of infections that a healthy immune system would normally resist.

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immune

Front 45

The _________ of E.coli have two main functions: to adhere to surfaces and to join bacterial cells prior to conjugation.

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pili

Front 46

Be able to label the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),

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See your notes.

Front 47

The structure labeled A is derived from the membrane of the _____ ______.

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host cell

Front 48

The structure labeled B is a(n) __________.

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envelope

Front 49

In the presence of hydrogen-rich chemicals, __________bacteria can manufacture all of their own amino acids and proteins.

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chemoautotrophic

Front 50

______________, such as penicillin, work by interfering with different cellular processes of bacteria.

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Antibiotics

Front 51

______________, such as penicillin, work by interfering with different cellular processes of bacteria.

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Antibiotics