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51 Cards in this Set
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Nagy Biology
CH 21 |
Cut and Study
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What are characteristics of the structure of Escherichia Coli?
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rigid cell wall
flagella pili |
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What do bacterial cells lace?
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cell nucleus
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What did the biologist Wendell Stanley find about the purified virus in his 1935 investigation of the tobacco mosaic virus?
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the purified virus was a crystal that could infect healthy tobacco plants
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What is each particle of TMV made of?
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RNA and proteins
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What is one difference between bacteria and eukaryotes?
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bacterial chromosomes are circular, while eukaryotic chromosomes are linear
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How can HIV be transmitted?
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1. through sexual contact
2.through the sharing of nonsterile needles 3. to infants during pregnancy or through breast milk |
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When you see Polyhedral virus, this refers to the structure of a virus's _________?
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capsid
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What do mining companies use when harvesting copper or uranium?
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chemoautotrophic bacteria
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In a process called nitrification, chemoautrophic bacteria that live in the soil play an important role in oxidizing ammonia into _____________?
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nitrate
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What is Tuberculosis the disease of?chemoautrophic
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the lungs
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What is one way bacteria cause disease?
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by metabolizing their hosts
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What are diseases that ARE transmitted through contaminated water?
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cholera
dysentery typhoid fever |
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A host chromosome withy a viral gene inserted into it
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provirus
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proteins with carbohydrate molecules attached
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glycoproteins
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a drug that interferes with the life processes in bacteria
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antibiotic
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a rod-shaped bacterial cell
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bacillus
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bacteria that feed on organic material formed by other organisms
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heterotrophic bacteria
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a spiral-shaped bacterial cell
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spirillum
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a thick wall formed around the chromosomes of some bacteria in times of environmental stress
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endospore
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a spiral-shaped bacterial cell
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spirillum
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a virus's protein coat
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capsid
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a thick wall formed around the chromosomes of some bacteria in times of environmental stress
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endospore
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a cycle in which the viral genome replicates without destroying the host cell
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lysogenic cycle
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a virus's protein coat
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capsid
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a bacteria-infecting virus
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bacteriophage
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a cycle in which the viral genome replicates without destroying the host cell
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conjugation
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a bacteria-infecting virus
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bacteriophage
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a cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction
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lytic cycle
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a process in which two organisms exchange genetic material
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conjugation
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a round bacterial cell
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coccus
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an agent that causes disease
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pathogen
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surrounds the capsid of many viruses and helps them enter cells
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envelope
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a cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction
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lytic cycle
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a process in which two organisms exchange genetic material
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conjugation
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a round bacterial cell
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coccus
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an agent that causes disease
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pathogen
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surrounds the capsid of many viruses and helps them enter cells
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envelope
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the gel-like layer outside of the cell wall of many bacteria
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capsule
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A(n) ___________is a segment of nucleic acids contained in a protein coat.
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virus
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Viruses must rely on ______ ________ for replication.
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host cells
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The capsid of viruses may enclose either the nucleic acid ______ or the nucleic acid------.
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DNA RNA
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Infectious particles called _______are composed of proteins and have no nucleic acid.
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prions
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HIV gradually infects and destroys so many _______ cells that people with AIDS often die of infections that a healthy immune system would normally resist.
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immune
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The _________ of E.coli have two main functions: to adhere to surfaces and to join bacterial cells prior to conjugation.
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pili
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Be able to label the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
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See your notes.
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The structure labeled A is derived from the membrane of the _____ ______.
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host cell
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The structure labeled B is a(n) __________.
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envelope
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In the presence of hydrogen-rich chemicals, __________bacteria can manufacture all of their own amino acids and proteins.
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chemoautotrophic
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______________, such as penicillin, work by interfering with different cellular processes of bacteria.
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Antibiotics
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______________, such as penicillin, work by interfering with different cellular processes of bacteria.
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Antibiotics
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