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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a non-host epitope? |
Part of the structure of a bacteria that would never be part of one of our cells |
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What cells are part of the innate humoral immune system? |
Myeloid cells |
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What does the innate humoral immune system target? |
Non-host epitopes |
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What cells are part of the adaptive humoral immune system? |
B-cells |
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What do B-cells target? |
Antibodies, Th cells, APCs |
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Is the innate or adaptive immune system faster? |
Innate |
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Is the innate or adaptive immune system more powerful & specific? |
Adaptive |
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What cells are part of the innate cell-mediated immune system? |
NK cells |
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How do NK cells work? |
Kill the body cells that are infected |
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What cells are part of the adaptive cell-mediated immune system? |
Tc-cells |
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What do Tc-cells target? |
Body cells |
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What substances do macrophages release to communicate with other cells? |
Cytokines and chemokines |
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What is the effect of macrophage cytokine release on the endothelial tissue? |
Makes it more permeable to allow neutrophil attraction/passage |
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What molecule "grabs" neutrophils during inflammation? |
ICAM-1 |
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What is the advantage of the neutrophil's 'sausage-links' nucleus shape? |
Helps it fit through the gaps in the endothelium to get into the tissues |
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What is the lifespan of a neutrophil? |
~4 days |
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How do chemokines attract neutrophils? |
Along a concentration gradient; they follow a path into the highest concentration of chemokines |
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How do neutrophils deal with bacteria? |
Phagocytize them |
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What are PAMPs? |
Non-host epitopes; Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns |
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Where are immune cells made? |
Bone marrow and thymus (T cells only) |
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What are the secondary lymphoid organs? |
Lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, Peyer's patches, etc |
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What is the purpose of lymph nodes? |
Concentrate pathogens in an easy-to-find place |
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Which organs do not have lymph nodes? |
Brain and kidney |
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Which lymph nodes collect drainage from the brain? |
Cervical lymph nodes |
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How does the lymphatic system prevent backflow due to gravity? |
Valves in the lymph vessels |
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What path does lymph take through the lymph node? |
Into the afferent vessels, out the efferent vessels |
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What organ examines the blood for pathogens? |
The spleen |
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What are the two parts of the spleen and what are they for? |
Red pulp for RBCs, and white pulp for WBCs |
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Which pulp makes up most of the spleen? |
Red pulp |
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How does the spleen 'screen' RBCs for pathogens? |
RBCs have to pass through open circulation (out of one sinusoid vessel and into another) through a field of macrophages which destroy the old/tired/slow ones |
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Which cytokines stimulate the bone marrow to make more cells? |
Colony-stimulating factors |
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What does high neutrophil count indicate? |
Infection somewhere in the body |
