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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skin layers |
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue |
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Epidermis |
outer layer of skin, avascular that means superficial epidermal cut won't bleed |
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Dermis |
-inner layer -contains nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessls, lymphatics |
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Glands in dermis layer of skin |
eccrine glands, apocrine glands and sebaceous glands |
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Eccrine glands |
-produces sweat/perspiration (saline -matures at 2 mo of age (infants start to perspire) |
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Apocrine glands (open into hair follicles) |
-open into hair follicles -activated during puberty -secrete fluid in response to emotional stimuli & heat -decomposition of apocrine sweat produces body oder (actin of bacteria on fluid) -located in axillae, nipples, areolae, anogenital area, eyelids & external ears -secreation decreases w/age |
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Sebaceous glands of dermis layer |
-secrets sebum (oil) that lubriates skin & nails -oil secretion that leads to soft & supple skin and decreased oil secretion that leads to dry skin and wrinkles -concentrated in scalp & face -absent on palms & soles -some conditions in adult & child are r/t overproduction of sebum (cradle cap, acne, seborrheic dermatitis) |
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Hair-2 types |
1. Velus: fine, soft, non pigmented-Cover the whole body except palms & soles, umbilicus, glans penis, inside labia 2. Terminal: coarse, thick, pigmented-cover scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, axillae, public and in males: face and chest |
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Subcutaneous tissue |
adipose or hypodermis-layer before the skin |
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Skin functions |
1. protect: prevents invasion of bact. & loss of fluid/electrolytes 2. sesory perception (pain, touch, temp & pressure): important in protecting from injury-absent in diabetic neuropathy 3. Thermoregulation d/t sweat and fat insulation 4. Replaces cells in surface wounds-aids in would repair 5. absorption & secretion (metabolic wastes) ex: sweat, lactic acid, urea (ex: renal failure-->uremic frost 6. Vit. D production: compounds are converted into Vit D when ultraviolet light comoes into contact w/skin surface; Vit D is necessary for the absorption of calcium 7. The use of suncreen may interfere w/ the production of Vit D.
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Subjective Data |
-prev. hx of skin disease (allergies, psoriasis, atopic (allergic), dermatitis (exzema), acne, etc. -change in pigmentation -change in a mole (size, color, shape) -rash or lesions -excessive bruising (abse, clotting disorder, fall -nail changes -sun exposure (increase risk for CA)-protect children -medication: may cause skin eruption, rashes, pruritus & photosensitivity (sunburn) -self care behaviors (sunscreen, soaps, costmetics) |
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Acanthosis Nigricans |
hyperpigmented brownish velvety plaque seen in the skin folds of the neck, axilla & knuckles -associated w/insulin resistance as seen in DM |
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Displastic mole |
a change in mole that may indicate a precancer or cancerous condition |
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Xerosis |
Excessive dryness-see in adult |
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Seborrhea |
AKA dandruff -oily flakes of skin
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Sebaceous hyperplasia |
Enlarged pore-donut appearance |
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Pruritus |
-itching -common w/age d/t xerosis or kidney/liver disease (d/t decreased metabolism & excretion of waste) -unexplained pruritus-check renal function tests (BUN/creatinine, GFR) and liver enzymes (ALT/AST) |
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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome |
A life-threatening systemic allergic skin rex |
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Some medications that cause changes in skin |
--tetracycline-sunburn -HCTZ: rash d/t sulfa aller a component of the drug -PCN: rash & pruritis d/t allergy |
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Alopecia |
diffuse, patchy or total hair loss: chemotherapy, familial, trauma/burns and stress |
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Hirsutism |
excessive terminal hair growth form increased androgen production by adrenal glands - most obvious on face in women but can affect entire body -seen with polycystic ovary disease. |
