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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CSF Normal opening pressure (lab value)?
What does Lower/Higher CSF opening pressure possibly indicate? |
Normal = 60-160 cm H2O
Lowered = usually subarachnoid obstruction in the spinal column above the puncture site. Elevated= intracranial compression, hemorrhage, or infection |
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CSF Appearence (Lab value)?
What are some more common abnormalities and what do they mean? |
Normal = Clear and colorless.
Cloudy = Infection with elevated WBCs Reddened = Most probably RBCs. |
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CSF Cell Count Lab value?
What might variations mean? |
normal = 0-8/mm3
Granulocytes = CSF infection Lymphocytes = suggest meningeal irritation and inflamation. Neonate = few RBCs and WBCs common r/t trauma of birth |
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CSF Protein Lab value?
What might variations mean? |
Normal = 15-45mg/100ml
Elevated = occurs if RBCs present Elevated Protein AND RBCs = meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage suggested. |
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CSF Glucose, Lab value?
What might variations mean? |
Normal = 60-80% of serum glucse level
Large decrease = Bacterial Meningitis. Some decrease = invasion of fungi, yeast, TB, or protozoans * Viral infections do not cause decrease and may cause slight increase. |
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CSF Albumin/Globulin (A/G) lab value?
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Normal = 8:1
Increased level suggests infection or A/G ratio neurologic d/o |
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CSF = alkaline or acidic?
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Alkaline
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CSF = specific gravity?
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Normal= 1.004 to 1.008
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Increased Intracrainal Pressure (ICP) - Causes
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- Blood entering CSF
- Cerebral edema - Tumors - Birth trauma/hydrocephalus - Head Trauma - Infection - Guillan-Barre syndrome |
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Increased Intracrainal Pressure (ICP) - S/S
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- Increased head circumference
- fontanel changes (anterior tense and bulging) - vomiting without nausea (in AM or after nap) (projectile) - eye changes (diplopia, setting sun, limited visual fields, papilledema) - Vital sign changes (Incr. BP and Temp, Decr. Resp and HR) - Pain (diffuse h/a, valsalva pain [straining]) - Mentation |
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Increased Intracrainal Pressure (ICP) - Nsg Management
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- Assess for early changes in ICP
- Administer prescribed meds - keep head and neck neutral - assist with treatment - prevent over/underhydration - Remove cause - Promote normal bowel elimination - prevent weight loss - |
