Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which statement is correct about DIC?
a. It was once known as hemophilia A. b. It’s both a bleeding and thrombotic disorder. c. It’s a clinically insignificant syndrome. d. It’s never a complication of another condition. |
b. It’s both a bleeding and thrombotic disorder.
|
|
|
Proinflammatory cytokines released in DIC include
a. neutrophils b. eosinophils c. macrophages d. tumor necrosis factor alpha |
d. tumor necrosis factor alpha
*the other is interleukins |
|
|
What is the action of proinflammatory cytokines?
|
Activate the clotting cascade and cause microclots to form within the capillaries
|
|
|
Fibrin degradation products are potent
a. anticoagulants b. clotting factors c. antilytic agents d. procoagulants |
a. anticoagulants
|
|
|
Which is associated with a chronic form of DIC?
a. arterial hypotension b. cancer c. hypoxemia d. acidemia |
b. cancer
*along with liver dysfunction, the other clinical conditions increase the risk of DIC |
|
|
The first and most obvious sign of DIC often is
a. abdominal distension b. bleeding c. peripheral edema d. abnormal breath sounds |
b. bleeding
|
|
|
A less obvious sign of DIC is
a. thrombosis b. polyuria c. polydipsia d. polyphagia |
a. thrombosis
|
|
|
Thrombosis in DIC is most likely to affect
a. the common iliac artery b. the subclavian artery c. the descending aorta d. cutaneous capillaries |
d. cutaneous capillaries
|
|
|
Which lab finding is a strong indicator of DIC?
a. an elevated platelet count b. an elevated D-dimer test c. a normal prothrombin time d. an elevated fibrinogen level |
b. an elevated D-dimer test
**this indicates excessive fibrinolysis |
|
|
What does an elevated D-dimer test indicate?
|
Excessive fibrinolysis, which is a strong indicator of DIC
|
|
|
Which contributes to DIC by diluting clotting factors and naturally occurring antithrombins?
a. multiple blood transfusions b. hypotension c. hypoxemia d. acidosis |
a. multiple blood transfusions
|
|
|
Cryoprecipitate is administered to
a. correct low platelet counts b. replace severely depleted fibrinogen levels c. restore oxygen-carrying capacity d. replace acute massive blood losses |
b. replace severely depleted fibrinogen levels
|
|
|
Packed red blood cells is administered to
a. correct low platelet counts b. replace severely depleted fibrinogen levels c. restore oxygen-carrying capacity d. replace acute massive blood losses |
c. restore oxygen-carrying capacity
|
|
|
Fresh frozen plasma is administered to
a. correct low platelet counts b. replace severely depleted fibrinogen levels c. restore oxygen-carrying capacity d. replace depleted clotting factors |
d. replace depleted clotting factors
|
|
|
Platelet transfusions is administered to
a. correct low platelet counts b. replace severely depleted fibrinogen levels c. restore oxygen-carrying capacity d. replace acute massive blood losses |
a. correct low platelet counts
(correct low platelet counts are due to thrombocytopenia from ongoing bleeding) |
|
|
Which blood product is given to correct thrombocytopenia from ongoing bleeding?
a. PRBCs b. fresh frozen plasma c. platelet concentrate d. whole blood |
c. platelet concentrate
|
|
|
Which statement best describes heparin therapy in DIC?
a. It dissolves existing clots. b. It’s absolutely contraindicated in DIC. c. It’s a fibrinolytic agent. d. It can help block new microclot formation. |
d. It can help block new microclot formation.
|
|
|
Which drug can restore the normal physiologic anticoagulant pathway in DIC?
a. unfractionated heparin b. epsilon-aminocaproic acid c. recombinant human activated protein C d. low-molecular-weight heparin |
c. recombinant human activated protein C
|
|
|
To guide treatment in DIC, obtain repeat coagulation studies every
a. 4 hours b. 8 hours c. 24 hours d. 72 hours |
a. 4 hours
|
|
|
Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a patient with DIC?
a. Regularly examine his skin for painful hematomas and ischemic changes b. Use an automatic BP cuff c. Draw blood specimens by direct venipuncture d. Use high-level tracheal or oral suctioning |
a. Regularly examine his skin for painful hematomas and ischemic changes
|
|
|
Fragmented red blood cells that were damaged while circulating through obstructed blood vessels are called
a. elliptocytes b. spherocytes c. stomatocytes d. schistocytes |
d. schistocytes
|
|
|
A normal D-dimer test result is
a. 12 seconds b. less than 200 ng/ml c. 150-400 mg/dl d. 150,000-400,000/mm3 |
b. less than 200 ng/ml
|
|
|
Which lab result might you find in a patient with DIC?
a. antithrombin III of less than 80% b. Factor V assay greater than 150% c. fibrin degradation products less than 10 mcg/ml d. fibrinogen greater than 150 mg/dl |
a. antithrombin III of less than 80%
**the other lab results are normal |
|
|
Secondary fibrinolysis in DIC leads to
a. systemic activation of coagulation b. fibrin deposits in the microcirculation c. ischemic tissue damage d. diffuse bleeding |
d. diffuse bleeding
|
|
|
A normal prothrombin time or international normalized ratio (INR) test result is
a. 12 seconds b. less than 200 ng/ml c. 150-400 mg/dl d. 150,000-400,000/mm3 |
a. 12 seconds (INR, 1.0)
|
|
|
A normal platelet count test result is
a. 12 seconds b. less than 200 ng/ml c. 150-400 mg/dl d. 150,000-400,000/mm3 |
d. 150,000-400,000/mm3
|
|
|
A normal fibrinogen test result is
a. 12 seconds b. less than 200 ng/ml c. 150-400 mg/dl d. 150,000-400,000/mm3 |
c. 150-400 mg/dl
|
|
|
What factors increases the risk of DIC?
|
1. Arterial hypotension
2. Acidemia 3. Liver dysfunction 4. Hypoxemia |
