N30 Gastrointestinal

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Sometimes it’s called gastrointestinal tract or alimentary tract. So you think about the digestive system, you think about the GI tract and alimentary tract and it has 2 sections. And what are those 2 sections? Upper and lower.
Upper GI tract consists of the salivary gland, esophagus, and the stomach.
Lower GI tract consists of the intestine.

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Food and fluid is ingested and it’s broken down to separate constituents.
You ingest food and then, you digest food. If you want to talk about the process and water and electrolytes are absorbed into the blood stream.
It’s ingested, broken down, it’s digested, and then, there is absorptions that takes place.
And then, water, nutrients, and electrolytes are absorbed into the blood for the use by cells.

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Amino acids are used by the livers to produce new proteins.
Such as albumin and prothombin (for clotting).
This is why when we talk about GI pts, they have coagulation problems.

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The inner layer of GI tract is called mucosa, which protects tissues; passage of content along GI tract, the mucosa.

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What are some common manifestations of GI disorders?
 Anorexia – loss of appetite. Anorexia often proceeds N/V. It doesn’t follow. – nauseated, then vomit

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loss of appetite. Anorexia often proceeds N/V. It doesn’t follow. – nauseated, then vomit

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What are some common manifestations of GI disorders? Nausea – generally an unpleasant, subjective symptom/feeling, which can be stimulated by abd distention, like inflammation of the GI tract or the irritation of the GI tract. – feeling we see with distention. Distentended abdomen, loss appetite, then vomit, irritation and inflammation. When someone vomits – increase salivation, pale, sweat, increase HR.
If something irritates your stomach, the GI tract. You become nauseated and then, you vomit.
When you think about nausea, what often proceeds nausea?  salivation, sweating,  HR, pallor.
After nausea comes vomiting.

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Characteristics of vomiting:

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Hematemesis – coffee ground, presence of blood.
Yellow or greenish – bile from duodenum.
Deeper brown – lower intestines.
Undigested food, there is problem with gastric emptying

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If someone has recurrent vomiting, then there’s problem with gastric emptying, such as pyloric obstructions.
Recurrent vomiting of undigested food, meaning that there is a problem w/pyloric area of stomach.

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What are some common manifestations of GI disorders?  Diarrhea – excessive frequent loose stools. It can be watery or loose. It can be acute or chronic, low volume or high volume. You book breaks it down to those 2 things.

Low volume diarrhea is small volume diarrhea, which is often seen in inflammatory conditions. Diarrhea can be acute or chronic. With diarrhea, there is blood, mucuous

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Remember diarrhea is often accompany by cramping, N/V. The body is trying to get rid of something.

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– high volume diarrhea. secretion in the intestine due to infection. High volume diarrhea limits absorption. You see this with pts who are lactose intolerance.?

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Osmotic diarrhea