N270 Pharmacology Cardiovascular

Front 1

Captopril

Back 1

Ace-inhibitor that has shortest half-life, must be given 3-4 times a day

Front 2

Captopril

Back 2

Has been shown to minimize or prevent left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction. (Ventricular remodeling) that can arise after an MI

Front 3

Alpha1 blockers

Back 3

Have ability to dilate arteries and veins which reduces peripheral vascular resistance and decreases blood pressure

Front 4

Labetalol and carvedilol

Back 4

These two medications have dual alpha and beta antihypertensive effects, they reduce heart rate (beta) and cause vasodilation (alpha)

Front 5

Clonidine

Back 5

Alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulator (agonist)

Front 6

Clonidine

Back 6

Primarily used for ability to decrease BP, useful in opioid withdrawal management, but has side effects such as orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, dizziness so it is not commonly used.

Front 7

Doxazosin, prazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin

Back 7

Alpha1 blockers

Front 8

Doxazosin (cardua, cardura XL)

Back 8

Commonly used alpha1 blocker, reduces PVR and BP by dilating blood vessels, matrix capsule expelled in stool-causes confusion for pts who then take more

Front 9

Carvedilol (coreg)

Back 9

Treats hypertension, indicated also for mild to moderate heart failure in conjunction with digoxin, diuretics and ACE inhibitors, contraindicated for those with severe bradycardia, bronchospastic asthma, or heart problems related to conducting system

Front 10

Nebivolol

Back 10

Newest beta blocker, bet1 selective beta blocker treating hypertension, also used for heart failure, produces vasodilatation which decreases SVR, causes less sexual dysfunction.

Front 11

ACE-inhibitor

Back 11

First line of defense for heart failure and hypertension

Front 12

Captopril

Back 12

This ACE-inhibitor requires multiple doses, may not be a good choice for pt with compliance issues

Front 13

Captopril and lisinopril

Back 13

Good for pts with liver failure because they are not inactive prodrugs that need to be metabolized in liver, they work automatically

Front 14

Enalapril

Back 14

Only ace-inhibitor that is available in parental preparation.

Front 15

ACE-inhibitor

Back 15

Class c drug in first semester, class D in second and third, do not use unless no other options available

Front 16

ACE-inhibitor

Back 16

Beneficial for heart failure pts because they prevent water resorption by inhibiting aldosterone secretion.

Front 17

Cardioprotective effect

Back 17

ACE-inhibitors decrease SVR and preload, thus stopping progression of left ventricular hypertrophy which is seen in MI. This is called a-

Front 18

ACE-inhibitors

Back 18

Protect kidneys because they also reduce glomerular filtration pressure - are cardiovascular drug of choice for diabetic pts because inhibits diabetic nephropathy

Front 19

ACE-inhibitor

Back 19

This anti-hypertensive is contraindicated if pt's potassium level is 5 or greater because it increases risk of hyperkalemia

Front 20

ACE inhibitor

Back 20

Promote k absorption, and sodium secretion

Front 21

ACE inhibitor

Back 21

May cause angioedema

Front 22

ACE inhibitor

Back 22

May cause dry cough

Front 23

ACE inhibitor

Back 23

May cause loss of taste

Front 24

NSAIDs

Back 24

Should not be used with an ACE inhibitor concurrently because it can cause renal failure and reduce effects of the ACE inhibitor

Front 25

ACE inhibitor

Back 25

May cause kidney failure for pt who relies on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Front 26

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

Back 26

Affect primarily smooth muscle and adrenal gland

Front 27

Enalaprilat (vasotec)

Back 27

Parental form of this ACE inhibitor offers hemodynamic benefit of inhibiting ACE activity in acutely ill patients, does not require cardiac monitoring

Front 28

-an

Back 28

ARBs

Front 29

ARBs

Back 29

Work to decrease SVR without cough

Front 30

Cough and hyperkalemia

Back 30

These symptoms are less likely when pt takes an ARB versus an ACE inhibitor

Front 31

Oral enalapril (vasotec)

Back 31

Must have functioning liver to be converted from a produg to active drug

Front 32

Calcium channel blocker

Back 32

Primary use to treat angina, hypertension

Front 33

Calcium channel blocker

Back 33

Treats hypertension by causing smooth muscle relaxation by preventing contraction

Front 34

Calcium channel blocker

Back 34

A first line of defense because safe and effective

Front 35

Calcium channel blocker

Back 35

Effective antidysrhythmics

Front 36

Nimodipine (CCB)

Back 36

Specificly prevents cerebral artery spasms after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 37

Diuretics

Back 37

Antihypertensive drug that decreases plasma and extracellular fluid

Front 38

Vasodilators

Back 38

Act by directly causing vasodilation and venous smooth muscle, do not affect adrenergic receptors

Front 39

Diuretic

Back 39

Hydrochlorothiazide

Front 40

Vasodilator

Back 40

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

Front 41

Vasodilator

Back 41

Minoxidil

Front 42

Vasodilator

Back 42

Diazoxide (hyperstat)

Front 43

Vasodilator

Back 43

Nitroprusside (nitropress)

Front 44

Vasodilator

Back 44

Directly cause peripheral vasodilation

Front 45

Diazoxide, hydralazine, minoxidil

Back 45

Cause arteriolar vasodilation

Front 46

Nitroprusside

Back 46

Causes both arteriolar and venous effect

Front 47

Sodium nitropusside and IV diazoxide

Back 47

Reserved for management of hypetensive emergencies-BP severely elevated

Front 48

Non-selective beta blocker

Back 48

Has both cardiovascular and respiratory effects which is bronchoconstriction must monitor pts respiratory system

Front 49

Beta1-blocking

Back 49

Only cardiac system is effected so monitor BP and HR

Front 50

Beta1-blocker

Back 50

If pt needs a bet a-blocker but has respiratory issues she or he will need this type of beta-blocker

Front 51

Centrally acting alpha blocker

Back 51

Assess WBC, serum k, sodium levels, protein in urine levels

Front 52

Alpha-adrenergic agonist

Back 52

Close assessment of BP, HR, weight before and during treatment because of strong vasodilating properties, and subsequent hypotensive adverse effects

Front 53

ACE inhibitor

Back 53

Assess BP, HR and respiratory because of adverse effect of hacking cough

Front 54

ACE inhibitor

Back 54

-il, -ec, -en, -ik

Front 55

Angioedema

Back 55

Potenti ally fatal effect of ACE inhibitor, inflammation of submucosal tissue

Front 56

Captopril

Back 56

Can cause granulocytosis, neutropenia

Front 57

Vasodilator

Back 57

Assess for baseline neurological function, attention to LOC and cognitive ability

Front 58

Vasodilator

Back 58

Extreme caution for older patients, may experience more sensitivity and experience hypotension, dizziness and syncope

Front 59

Hydralazine

Back 59

Adverse effects include dizziness, anxiety, tachycardia, headache, nausea, edema, hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 60

Sodium nitroprusside

Back 60

Used in ICU for severe hypertensive emergencies, titrated by IV infusion, contraindicated if there is known inadequate cerebral perfusion

Front 61

Sodium nitropusside

Back 61

Onset 2 min peak 2-5 elimination 2 min, 1-10 min

Front 62

Epleronone (inspra)

Back 62

Selective aldosterone blocker

Front 63

Epleronone (inspra)

Back 63

Monitor K level, contraindicated if it is greater than 5.5, or there is renal impairment

Front 64

Thiazide-type diuretics and calcium channel blocker

Back 64

First-line therapy

Front 65

Calcium channel blocker

Back 65

Asian population benefit from

Front 66

ACEIs and ARBs

Back 66

Recommended for hispanic american because of increased cardiac morbidity

Front 67

Adrenergic drug

Back 67

Adverse effects include bradycardia with reflec tachycardia, postural and postexercise hypotension, dry mouth, dizzy, edema, constipation and sexual dysfunction

Front 68

Adrenergic antihypertensive

Back 68

Monitor cbc, k, sodium and creatinine

Front 69

Carvedilol

Back 69

Contraindicated if pt has asthma because it is not cardioselective beta blocker

Front 70

Clonidine, methyldopa

Back 70

Not first line defense because of rough side effects such as orthostatic hypotension, fatigue and dizziness

Front 71

Alpha2 Adrenergic receptor stimulator

Back 71

Reduces production of norepinephrine to reduce hypertension

Front 72

Alpha-adrenergic agonist

Back 72

Pt must be taught to take BP and HR at home to ensure they're within perimeters to reduce risk of orthostatic hypotension

Front 73

Alpha-adrenergic antagonist

Back 73

Associated with first dose syncope, keep pt in supine position

Front 74

Sodium nitroprusside

Back 74

Always dilute, very potent, can cause severe drops in BP, leading to irreversible ischemic injury

Front 75

Calcium channel blockers

Back 75

Are negative inotropic drugs (decrease contractility of heart)

Front 76

ACE inhibitor

Back 76

Can cause renal impairment, you can identify by a serum creatinine

Front 77

Captopril

Back 77

Front 78

ACE inhibitors

Back 78

Front 79

ACE inhibitor

Back 79

Front 80

Alpha1 blockers

Back 80

Front 81

Beta 2 non-selective blocker

Back 81

Front 82

Calcium channel blocker

Back 82

Can cause bradycardia

Front 83

Calcium Channel Blocker

Back 83

Reduces contractility of heart

Front 84

Calcium channel blocker

Back 84

Reduces heart rate

Front 85

ACE inhibitors

Back 85

A Pril

Front 86

Beta Blockers

Back 86

LOL!!!!

Front 87

Calcium channel blockers

Back 87

V ery N ice D rugs

Front 88

Captopril

Back 88

Can cause neutropenia

Front 89

Captopril

Back 89

Remodel left ventricle, wear a hard CAP

Front 90

ACE inhibitor

Back 90

#1 choice for diabetes

Front 91

ACE inhibitor

Back 91

promotes healthy kidneys, GFR

Front 92

Sodium nitroprusside

Back 92

reduces both total peripheral resistance and venous return, thus decreasing both preload and afterload. So, it can be used in severe congestive heart failure where this combination of effects can act to increase cardiac output

Front 93

Adrenergic drug

Back 93

May increase heart rate

Front 94

ARBs and ACEs

Back 94

NSAIDs is contraindicated

Front 95

ACE inhibitor

Back 95

Teach erectile dysfunction

Front 96

-artan

Back 96

ARBs

Front 97

Beta blocker

Back 97

Monitor weight gain (CHF)

Front 98

Calcium channel blocker

Back 98

Can cause Photosensitivity

Front 99

Calcium channel blocker

Back 99

Goto er if you experience chest pain, arrythmia