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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define "Cell Proliferation"
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Process by which cells divide and produce new cells
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Define "Cell Differentiation"
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Process by which cells are matured into different and more specialized cell types during proliferation
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What 3 things does Differentiation determine with respect to cells?
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1. Structure of cell
2. Function of cell 3. Life Span of cell |
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Name 3 types of Stem Cells
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pluripotent
unipotent oligopotent |
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Define Pluripoten Stem Cell
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a stem cell that gives rise to numerous cell types
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Define Unipotent stem cell
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a stem cell that produces only one type of differentiated cell
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Define Oligopotent stem cell
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a stem that produces only a small number of cells
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According to Huether, define CANCER
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"...any malignant tumor, or neoplasm, and it is NOT used to refer to benign growths..."
(Huether,2005) |
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Benign growths (tumors) have these characteristics: (6 total)
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1. slow growth
2. well diff. w/ low mitotic index 3. Well diff. - looks like tissue it arose from 4. well defined capsule 5. not invasive 6. do not metastasize |
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Malignant growths (tumors) have these characeteristics: (6 total)
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1. rapid growth
2. high mitotic index 3. poorly differentiated 4. not encapsulated 5. are invasive 6. metastasize |
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Name the tissue that a Carcinoma is associated with.
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epithelial tissue (is associated with which neoplasm)
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Name the tissue that a Adenocarcinoma is associated with.
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ductal or glandular epithelium tissue (is associated with which neoplasm)
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Name the tissue that a Sarcoma is associated with.
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connective tissue (is associated with which neoplasm)
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Name the tissue that a Lymphoma is associated with.
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lyphatic tissue (is associated with which neoplasm)
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Name the tissue that a Leukemia is associated with.
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blood forming cells (is associated with which neoplasm)
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Define metastasis
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to spread to different (or distant) location in body. Often accomplished through blood or lymphatic system
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According to the class handout, what are the important points to remember about the causes of cancer?
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1. No one single cause
2. result of interactions between multiple risk factors 3. disease of aging 4. repeated exposure to a single agent. |
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What cancers are associated with cigarette smoking?
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a) obvious: pharynx, larynx, esophagus
b) not obvious: bladder, pancreas, kidney, stomach, liver and cervix. |
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What cancers are associated with smokeless tobacco?
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Oral cancers
(are associated with what product?) |
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What type of virus can induce cancer?
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An Oncogenic virus
(can induce what?) |
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Name vitamins and minerals known to decrease risk of cancer
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Vitamins A,C,E and selenium (selenium not to 200micrograms/day)
Use "4 ACES" to remember four good vitamins and mineral. |
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According to the class handout, what bacterium is associated with the increase in rate of some cancers?
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Heliobacter pylori
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What two types of cancer is Heliobacter pylori associated with?
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gastric lymphoma
gastric carcinoma |
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Anaplasia refers to cells that...
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lack uniform size and shape, and that have loss of differentiation.
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Name seven (7) manifestions of cancer according to the class handout.
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1. Pain
2. Fatigue 3. Cachexia 4. Anemia 5. Leukopenia 6. Thrombocytopenia 7. Infection |
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Of the clinical manifestations, which is the most frequently reported symptom of cancer?
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Fatigue
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Define Cachexia
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Cachexia is literally "bad condition" and is a SYNDROME that includes anorexia, anemia, weakness, altered metabolism, and early satiety.
The most severe form of malnutrition associated with cancer. |
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Define Xenobiotics
Say "ZEE-no-BY-otics" |
toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals often found in our diet.
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