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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What space are the dorsal root ganglia contained in?
At what vertebral levels does the spinal cord end at? At what levels do you remove CSF? |
intervertebral foramen
L1-L2 below L2 commonly between L3-L4 & L4-L5 |
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What is contained in the Gray matter of the spinal cord?
What is a nucleus? Name the Horns. |
Cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells & synapses.
A group of nerve cell bodies located INSIDE the CNS. Dorsal, Lateral, & Ventral |
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What is contained in the White matter of the spinal cord?
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Axons, three funiculi = REGIONS
Neural tracts = fasiculi = group of axon with similar origin & termination |
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What neurons are mainly contained in each of the horns? Which segments are lateral horns present?
What is the blood supply to the spinal cord? |
Dorsal: Afferent sensory
Lateral: preganglionic autonomic cell bodies Ventral: Efferent motor Lateral horn is present in T1-L2 Anterior & Posterior spinal arteries |
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What does the basal plate become?
What does the alar plate become? What types of neurons in each? |
Basal plate: Ventral horn, motor cells
Alar plate: Dorsal horn, sensory cells |
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What are the components of a spinal nerve?
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Somatic sensory
Visceral sensory Visceral motor (T1-L2 & S2,3,&4) Somatic motor |
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Describe the components of the Dorsal root including what type of cells are contained in them, where the cell bodies are located, & what they innervate.
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Cell bodies are in dorsal root ganglia outside the CNS
Afferent sensory input Monopolar cells Dermatomes: sensory from skin |
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Describe the components of the Ventral roots, where their cell bodies are located, and what they innervate.
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Ventral roots cell bodies are located inside the CNS.
The roots are efferent motor They innervate a myotome |
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What is a reflex?
Give examples. |
An automatic response to somatic or visceral sensory stimulus.
Stretch reflex: (patellar knee jerk = DEEP TENDON REFLEX DTR) Cardiovascular reflex: baroreceptor Gag reflex Withdrawl reflex |
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Name the characteristics of reflexes
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Prewired
Involuntary (autonomic) predictable & uniform Unilateral (except consensual reflexes like the corneal reflex) |
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What does the stretch reflex assess?
How many synapses does it involve? |
Assessment of muscle tone & DTR
Monosynaptic reflex |
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Name the characteristics of the flexor reflex.
Give an example |
3+ neurons = Polysynaptic, intersegmental, & ipsilateral
Interneuron is involved Withdrawal reflex (hot stove) |
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Name the characteristics of the crossed extensor reflex.
What type of neurons does it involve? |
Ipsilateral withdrawal & contralateral extension.
Involves commissural interneurons(cross the midline) No primary sensory or motor neurons cross the midline. -True for CN's except CN IV |
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Describe Intersegmental connections.
Give examples of reflexes What does conduction of multiple segments involve? |
They are polysynaptic
Afferent axon enters at one segment Efferent neurons lie in same & other segments. Conduction from segment to segment: via afferent axon collaterals, interneuron, & commissural neurons. Efferent arm: several ventral roots going to striated muscle or other efferent organs (autonomics) |