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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the CV system consist of? |
The heart, central blood vessels |
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What does the PV system consist of? |
Arteries included in the CV + vessels distal to that. |
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What types of assessments will you do with the CV? (IPPA) |
Inspection, palpation, auscultation. |
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What are the 5 anatomic sites you auscultate in the CV Assessment? |
Aortic, Pulmonic, Tricuspid, Apical, and Epigastric. |
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Lifespan considerations for infants and CV? |
Splitting of S2 is normal during deep breaths. Sinus arythmia normal in infants (lowers on expiration, increases on inspiration) Murmurs can be heard in newborns |
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Lifespan considerations for children and CV? |
Heart sounds louder because of thinner chest walls. S3, a sound heart as the ventricles fill, may be heard at apex in around 1/3 of people. Pmi is higher and more medial in kids under 8. |
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Lifespan considerations for older adults and CV? |
Cardiac output and strength of contraction decrease with age HR returns to resting rate more slowly Extra systole common in older adults (more than 10/minute is abnormal). Emotional and physical stress may result in cardiac arrest. |
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Lifespan considerations for infants and PV? |
Screen for coarctation of aorta and palpate femoral, radial and apical pulse. If coarctation is present, femoral pulse is weak while radial pulse is very strong. |
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Lifespan considerations for children and pv? |
Changes in peripheral vasculature (bruising, petechiae, purpura) can indicate serious disease (leukemia). |
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Lifespan considerations for older adults and pv? |
blood vessel efficiency decreases - lower extremities may be impaired. BP increases, systolic increases more. Proximal arteries are more thin and dilated. Compare the upper and lower extremities temperature, pulse, turgor, sensation, and instance of edema. |
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Precordium |
the region of the chest immediately in front of the heart. |
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Lift/heave |
rising along the sternal border with each heart beat. associated with forceful cardiac action |
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perfusion |
the amount of blood at the capillary bed. |
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What is S1 and where is it located? |
"LUB", occurs when AV's close. Dull, low pitched, longer than S2. |
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What is systole? |
period when the ventricles contract. Begins with the first heart sound, ends with second heart sound. Heard best at PMI. |
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What is S2 and where is it located? |
"Dup" sound of semilunar valves opening. Higher pitched and shorter than S1. Heard best over tricuspid and apical areas. |
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What is diastole? |
When the ventricles relax, occurs between the second heart sound and the first heart sound. You may hear S3/S4 in this time. |
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What is the significance of a bruit? What does it sound like? What does a thrill mean? |
Bruit - a blowing/swooshing sound in the carotid a. It is caused by turbulence of blood flow due to narrow arteries or a condition that increases CO. A thrill is often found with a bruit. It's a vibrating sensation like a cat purring. It's also associated with turbulent blood flow due to arterial obstruction. |
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If Mrs. Smith came to your health and wellness clinic for a CV assessment, how would you position her? |
A semireclined position, head raised 30-45 degrees. |
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What questions to you ask prior to a CV assessment? |
Family Hx of heart disease, HBP, stroke, high cholesterol, etc. Lifestyle habits. Diabetes Anxiety Any fatigue, drowsiness, chest pain Has she had this done before? How is it for her? |
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What questions might you ask before a PV assessment? |
Past history of heart disorders, variscosities, arterial disease, hypertension, lifestyle habits (similar to above). Edema, super cold hands/feet? |
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What are the peripheral pulse sites (review)! |
Temporal Carotid Apical Radial Femoral Popliteal Doraslis Pedis Posterior Tibial Brachial |
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You palpate all the PV pulse sites on both sides of the body simultaneously, except one... Which one and why? |
The carotid artery! You can cut off blood flow to the head and cause fainting and injury. |
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Why is it important to notice asymmetry or absence of pulsations during palpation of peripheral pulses? |
Asym volumes - Impaired Circulation Absent Pulse - Arterial spasm/occlusion Weak Pulse - Impaired CO Increased pulse volume - HBP, High CO, Circulatory overload One leg might be fine, but the other could be awful. Don't miss it! |
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When inspecting a clients peripheral perfusion, what are you doing and what would you include? |
You are seeing if circulation is good in the extremities. You inspect skin colour, temp., edema, changes in the skin of the hand and feet (bruises, dryness). |
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When palpating a client for peripheral perfusion, you may do a capillary refill test. What is this? |
Press on the nailbed of one finger for 5 seconds and release. Colour should return to the nailbed in around 2 seconds. Any longer, and it could indicate arterial insufficiency. |
