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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
osteoporosis
chronic metabolic disease in which bone loss causes decreased density and possible fracture
osteopenia
Result of osteoporosis- low bone mass- happens when osteoclastic activity is greater than osteoblastic activity
Can exercise help in the treatment of osteoporosis?
Yes
Osteomalacia
Loss of bone R/T a Vit D deficiency. Causes softening of the bone caused by inadequate deposits of Ca and Po in the bone matrix
Osteomalacia mostly affects the ____ bones
long bones
How to treat Osteomalacia?
Vit D supplements
Looser Lines or Zones are associated with what disease?
Osteomalacia
Osteomalacia is the adult equivalent of ______, or Vit D deficiency in children
Rickets
Paget's Disease
A chronic metabolic disorder in which bone is excessively broken down (osteoclastic activity) and re-formed (osteoblastic activity). Result is structurally disorganized- weak- rick for bowing in long bones
Osteomyelitis
bacterial, virus, or fungal infection in bone which stimulates the inflammatory response in bone tissue
Scoliosis
occurs when the vertebrae rotate and begin to compress. The spinal column begins to move into a lateral curve.
Complete fracture
the break is across the entire width of the bone in such a way that the bone is divided into two distinct sections
Incomplete Fracture
the fracture does not divide the bone into two portions because the break is through only part of the bone
Closed (simple) fracture
The skin is not disrupted
Open (compound) fracture
The skin surface over the broken bone is disrupted which causes an external wound
Name the 8 types of fractures
Open (simple), Closed (compound), Comminuted (fragmented) , displaced, oblique, spiral, impacted, greenstick
Greatest risk of an open (compound) fracture?
Infection (bone) and Fat Embolism (FE)
6 steps in the stages of bone healing
Hematoma formation
Hematoma to granulation tissue
Callus formation
Osteoblastic proliferation
Bone remodeling
Bone healing completed
4 major complications of fractures?
Infection
Fat embolism
Hypovolemic shock (Blood loss)
Acute Compartment syndrome
Acute Compartment syndrome
a serious condition in which increased pressure within one or more compartments reduces circulation to the area.
What are the two major causes of Acute Compartment syndrome
Casts and surgery
**Signs and symptoms of Acute Compartment syndrome**
6Ps
Pain, Pressure, Paralysis, Parasthesia, Pallor, Pulselessness
Where would the symptoms be found in Acute Compartment syndrome?
Below the site of injury
What should the RN do if Acute Compartment syndrome suspected?
Contact the SURGEON immediately
Crush Syndrome
occurs from an external crush injury that compresses one or more compartments in the leg, arm, or pelvis
S/S of Crush Syndrome
Tea colored urine--> kidneys occluded- muscles crushed and myoglobulin is clogging kidneys
Nursing intervention for Crush Syndrome
IV FLUIDS!!!
Also dopamine prevents occlusion of kidneys and helps the kidneys to perfuse
Hypovolemic Shock
excessive bleeding- increased HR, decreased BP, decreased CO
Color change in extremities
Earliest sign of Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) is?
altered mental status
Petechia is what?
A late sign of FES
Osteonecrosis
Bone death- leads to Low RBC
Delayed union
fracture not healed within 6 months
Nonunion
Fracture that never heals
Malunion
Fracture that heals incorrectly
Angulation
Fracture that heals at an angle
Best way to help a fracture heal?
Immobilization
(4) Purposes of immobilization
Prevent further injury
Promote healing/circulation
Reduce pain
Correct a deformity
(4) Types of immobilization devices
Casts
Splints/immobilizers
Traction
External fixation
How to care for casts? Check CMS! What is CMS?
Circulation, movement, sensation
If pt ___ ___ after eating, this means the cast is to tight (body cast)
Projectile vomits
Skin Traction Vs. Skeletal Traction
Skin traction involves the use of a device secured around the limb and a weight pulls the device
Skeletal traction involves devices surgically inserted directly into the bone and uses weights as well
What is important to monitor when it comes to skeletal traction?
Pin site care
HOW TO CARE FOR TRACTIONS
Temperature
Ropes hang freely
Alignment
Circulation checks 6 P’s
Type & location of fracture
Increase fluid intake
Overhead trapeze
No weights on bed or floor
External fixations are used for
realignment
Important care for external fixations
Pin site care, 6Ps, s/s infection
Complications of amputations:
-hemorrhage
-infection
-Phantom limb pain
-Neuroma
-flexion contractures
Neuroma
tumor- benign growth on end of nerve. causes sensation of pain
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
It is caused by pressure on the median nerve in the carpal tunnel resulting in sensations of numbness, tingling, pain, and clumsiness of the hand.