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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a highly contagious, superficial bacterial skin infection characterized by local inflammation & infection?
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Impetigo
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How is impetigo contracted?
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By a portal of entry, scratch or insect bite allows introduction of bacteria.
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What bacteria can cause impetigo?
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Staph or group A strep
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What are the two forms of impetigo?
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Impetigo contagiosa - crusted lesions & bullous impetigo - fragile bullae or fluid filled blister.
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What are the clinical manifestations of impetigo?
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Begins as small red macules and progress to small, thin roofed vesicles that rupture easily & expose weeping skin. Has a honey colored drainage.
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What is a highly contagious, superficial bacterial skin infection characterized by local inflammation & infection?
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Impetigo
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How is impetigo contracted?
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By a portal of entry, scratch or insect bite allows introduction of bacteria.
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What bacteria can cause impetigo?
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Staph or group A strep
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What are the two forms of impetigo?
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Impetigo contagiosa - crusted lesions & bullous impetigo - fragile bullae or fluid filled blister.
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What are the clinical manifestations of impetigo?
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Begins as small red macules and progress to small, thin roofed vesicles that rupture easily & expose weeping skin. Has a honey colored drainage.
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What else can impetigo effect?
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May cause regional lymphadenopathy.
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Where do the lesions normally appear?
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Most often appear on the face around the mouth and nose. Occasionally occur on back of knees and buttocks.
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What treatment is used for impetigo?
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Topical antibiotic therapy if only a few lesions are present. Keflex or Dynapen can be given orally if lesions are widespread and do not respond to topical treatment.
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What nursing management is associated with impetigo?
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Finish all antibiotics, use gentle soaking to remove crusts, keep nails cut short to prevent further infection, no sharing of towels or personal items, out of school for 24-48 hours after the start of antibiotics.
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What is the clinical name for head lice?
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Pediculosis Capitis.
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How is head lice transmitted?
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Head to head contact, sharing of hats, combs, bedding, & personal items.
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What is the lifespan of a louse?
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Females lay approx 4-10 eggs a day. Eggs are called nits. Nymphs emerge in 7-10 days and mature in 7-14 days. Life span is approx 30 days.
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What are the symptoms of an infestation?
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Persistent itching caused by crawling insect & saliva on skin. Most commonly located in the occipital area, behind the ears & nape of neck.
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What is the preferred treatment for pedidulosis?
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Nix will kill both the lice & nits with one applications. Other products Rid, A-200, Kwell, Scabene require retreatment after nymphs hatch.
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What are some alternative treatments?
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Listerine & Cetaphil
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What causes scabies?
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The scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei.
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How is scabies transmitted?
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Close person to person contact, fomite transfer may occur.
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What happens after infection?
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Incubation period is 2 to 6 weeks. Once on human skin, mites burrow into epidermis to deposit eggs & feces - travels in a linear fashion.
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What is the major symptom of a scabies infection?
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Inflammatory response occurs where the mites travel. Severe pruritis occurs usually at night.
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How is scabies diagnosed?
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A microscopic exam of scraping from papule.
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What is the treatment for scabies?
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5% permethrine cream (Elimite) is preferred treatment. One application is usually sufficient. All household members should be treated.
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What is atopic dermatitis?
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Commonly know as eczema.
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What causes eczema?
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Does appear to be a relationship to allergies, family history of eczema, asthma.
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What is the pathology of eczema?
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It is thought to be an autoimmune disorder.
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What are the symptoms of eczema?
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Persistent pruritus and scratching.
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What does an acute lesion look like?
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Acute - pruritic erythematous papules, may have serous exudate & crusting.
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What does an subacute lesion look like?
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Subacute - papules are excoriated with fine scaling, mild linchenification may be present.
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What is linchenfication?
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thickening of the skin
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What does a chronic lesion look like?
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Chronic - marked lichenfication is present. Fibrotic papules and hyper or hypopigmentation are present.
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Where to the lesions occur?
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Distribution varies by age. Infancy - primarily on face, scalp & extensor (outside) surfaces of extremities. By age 2 - lesions on the flexural surfaces of the body, antecubital, popliteal, wrists ankles & neck
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What is the 1st goal to managing eczema?
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Relieve pruritis - oral antihistamine, non-medical - cornstarch or oatmeal baths.
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What is the 2nd goal to managing eczema?
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Hydrate skin - moisturizing emollients - contain lipids - best used withing 3 minutes of bathing.
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What is the 3rd goal to managing eczema?
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Reduce inflammation - topical steroids, use least potent steroid that is effective
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What is the 4th goal to managing eczema?
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Prevent or control seconday infection - keep fingernails short, avoid irritants, use mild detergent, no wool clothing
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What is the pathology of diaper dermatitis or diaper rash?
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Skin breakdown occurs due to prolonged contact with physical & chemical irritants. Urine pH, stool consistency, frequency of urine & stool, type of diaper & friction.
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What is the clinical symptoms of normal diaper rash?
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Area is shiny red. In severe cases, vesicles, papules and scaling may occur.
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How is candidal diaper dermatitis different?
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Caused by overgrowth of Candida albicans. Site appears beefy read with satellite pustules.
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How can diaper rash be prevented?
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Frequent diaper changes. Use of barrier creams (desitin & butt paste). Avoid powder.
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How is diaper rash treated?
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Low dose steroid creams for severe cases. Candida infections require an antifungal agent like nystatin (Mycostatin).
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What is seborrheic dermatitis?
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Also known as cradle cap.
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What can cause cradle cap?
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Inflammatory changes thought to result from dysfunction of sebaceous glands & hormonal activity. May be caused by yeast overgrowth in adolescents.
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What are the clinical manifestations of cradle cap?
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Thick, adherent, whitish yellow, scaly, oily patches on scalp.
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Where is cradle cap found?
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Infants - mostly found on scalp. Adolescents - begins on scalp, may involve eyebrows, forehead, eyelids, external ear canals, inguinal region (groin).
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What is the treatment for cradle cap in infants?
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Daily washing of hair, let shampoo petroleum jelly, or mineral oil in place, then remove with a fine toothed comb.
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What is the treatment for cradle cap in adolescents?
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May use medicated shampoo containing sulfur or salicylic acid. Topical corticosteroid with or with out sulfur or salicylic acid may be used.
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What causes acne (acne vulgaris)?
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Has been associated with increased androgen & sebum production.
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What other factors can contribute to acne?
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Heat, oil-based cosmetics, menstrual cycle, steroid administration. Stress
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What three factors are involved in the development of acne?
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Excessive sebum production. Formation of comedones, either open (blackhead) or closed (whitehead). Overgrowth of propioni bacterium acnes-a benign organism always present on the skin.
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What is comedonal acne?
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Obstructive & noninflammatory. Comedones are the characteristic lesions, may be open or closed.
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What is inflammatory acne?
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Characterized by inflammatory papules-red lesions, pustules-contain pus & nodules-larger and deeper in dermis, more likely to cause scaring.
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How is tretinoin (retin A) used?
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Used for comedonal acne. Interrupts the process that forms comedones.
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How is benzoyl peroxide used?
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Kills propioni-bacterium acnes organism. Effective against both inflammatory & noninflammatory acne.
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How are topical antibacterial agents used?
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Used with inflammatory lesions accompany comedones. Clindamycin & Benzamycin
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How do oral contraceptives help acne?
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Reduce andogen production.
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How is Accutane used?
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Reserved for severe cystic acne. Decreased sebum production, given for 20 weeks. Can cause dry skin & eyes, decrease night vision, headaches, mood changes, depression & suicidal tendencies. Accutane has teratogenic effects.
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What other therapies are used to treat acne?
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Laser & light therapy to reduce sebum production. Chemical peel & microdermabrasion.
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