N: Opioids [Basic Drug Info]

Front 1

Morphine
- class
- mechanism
- indications
- contraindications
- SE's
- can they cause dependence?

Back 1

- narcotic analgesic
- opioid mu-receptor agonist
- pain relief
- drug hyperS
- constipation, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sedation, respiratory depression, circulatory depression, apnea, shock
- yes, both physical and psychological.

Front 2

Codeine
- class
- mechanism
- indications
- contraindications
- SE's
- well absorbed in GI tract?

Back 2

- narcotic analgesic
- opioid agonist (CNS and bowel are major areas of effect)
- mild to moderate pain relief (can also reduce cough)
- hyperS
- lighthead, dizz, sedation, nausea, vomiting, sweating, serious constipation, dry mouth; serious OD --> respiratory depression
- yes, retains at least 1/2 it's analgesic actv when administered orally.

Front 3

Dextromethorphan
- class
- mechanism
- indications
- contraindications
- SE's
- dependence? resp. depress?
- interacts badly w/ which class of drugs?

Back 3

- nonnarcotic antitussive
- selectively depresses cough center in medulla
- relief of nonproductive cough
- chronic cough w/ secretions. NOT during 1st trimester, NOT i/ children <2y.
- Dizz, drowsy; N&V, stomach pain
- no dependence or respiratory depression
- MAOI; may cause nausea, \BP, hyperpyrexia, myoclonic leg jerks, and coma

Front 4

Hydrocodone
- class
- mechanism
- indications
- contraindications
- SE's
- may cause paralytic ileus if used with...
- trade name w/acetominophen?

Back 4

- semisynthetic narcotic analgesic and antitussive
- opoid agonist w/ multiple actions qualitatively sim to codeine
- moderate to mod. severe pain relief.
- hyperS; use w/ caution in pts with head injuries as ^CSF can occur.
- lighthead, dizz, sedation, n&v
- anticholinergics
- vicodin

Front 5

Oxycodone
- class
- mechanism
- indications
- contraindications
- SE's
- trade name w/ ibuprofen?

Back 5

- narcotic agent (semisynthetic)
- multiple actions; qual sim to morphine
- mod to severe pain relief, v.little sedation or antitussive effect.
- hyperS, paralytic ileus, children, during labor
- lighthead, dizz, sed., n&v
- percodan

Front 6

Tramadol
- class
- mechanism
+ antag by naloxone?
- indications
- contraindications
- SE's
- major drugs interactions with what?
- risk of what if naloxone is used to tx tramadol OD?

Back 6

- centrally acting analgesic not related chemically to opiates
- not well characterized; only partially antagonized by naloxone though!
- pain management
- hyperS; acute intox w/ alcohol, hypnotics, centrally acting analgesics, opiates, or psychotropic drugs
- dizz, vergigo, HA, somnolence, CNS stim, anxiety, confusion, seizures
- alcohol and CNS depressants
- seizures

Front 7

Meperidine
- trade name?
- class
- mechanism
- indications
- contraindications
- SE's
- how potent is it, wrt morphine? SE wrt morphine?
- antitussive? meiosis?

Back 7

- demerol
- narcotic analgesic
- opiate agonist
- analgesic, partic. for minor surgery.
- HyperS, convulsive states (epilepsy, tetanus, etc), <6m, diabetic acidosis, respiratory depression, ^ICP, pregnancy, etc.
- transient hallucinations, transient hypotension @ high doses, viz disturbances
- 1/10th as potent. 1/2 as effective when PO; less side effects like smooth muscle spasm, constipation, etc.
- no, no

Front 8

Methadone
- class
- mechanism
- indications
- contraindications
- SE's
- lvl of euphoria wrt morphine?

Back 8

- narcotic analgesic (morphine type)
- synthetic narcotic analgesic with multiple actions quantitatively similar to morphine
- severe pain; detox/maintenance of narcotic dependence.
- IV use, liv dz, pregnancy, children, lactation
- constipation, excessive sweating, pulm edema, choreic movements
- produces only mild euphoria; DOES produce physical dependence

Front 9

Heroin
- class
- mechanism
- indications
- contraindications
- SE's

Back 9

- hallucinogen, drug of abuse
- similar to morphine, CNS depressant that relieves pain and induces sleep. Constricted pupils, nausea, and respiratory depression.
- none
- withdrawal sx: panic, nausea, muscle cramps, chills, and insomnia.
-

Front 10

Nalaxone
- trade name
- class
- mechanism
- indications
- contraindications
- SE's

Back 10

- narcan
- narcotic antagonist
- combines competitively w/ opiate receptors and blocks or reverses the action of narcotic analgesics
- respiratory depression induced by natural and synthetic narcotics, including: butorphanol, methadone, nalbuphine, pentazocine, and prooxyphene. **Drug of choice when nature of depressant drug is not known**
- hyperS, neonates
- N&V, sweating, HTN, tremors. can cause vtach/fib if use is excessive post-op.