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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Postural Control?
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Controlling position in space for stability nad orientation
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What is Postural Orientation?
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Ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments, environment
Vertical orientation, use of sensory references (gravity, support) |
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What is Postural Stability?
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Ability to maintain body in equilibrium
COM within limits of stability of BOS |
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What is the Center of Mass
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Center point of total body mass
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What is the Base of Support
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Contact with support surface
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What are the Limits of Stability?
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Boundaries within which a person can maintain balance without changing BOS
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Stability vs. Orientation
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Two distinct goals in Postural Control
Sometimes maintain one and sacrifice the other (diving for soccer ball) |
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What are the Neural components of Postural Control?
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Sensory
Motor Integrative Processing |
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What about Stance Postural Control?
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Quiet stance - small force Ant Tib, Gastroc
Organize sensory information -Visual -Somatosensory -Vestibular |
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Contributions in quiet stance
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Alignment (bad=^energy)
Muscle tone and strategies Sensory strategies Sway A/P, Med/Lat |
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What are the active muscles in good alignment quiet stance?
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Soleus/Gastroc
Tibialis Anterior Gluteus Medeus TFL Iliopsoas Thoracic Erector Spinae Intermittent Abdominals |
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Ankle Strategy
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Distal to Proximal activation
Ant Sway - gastroc, hams, paraspinals Post Sway - Ant Tib, Quads, Abdominals firm, flat surface, small perturbations |
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Hip Strategy
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Proximal to Distal activation
AntSway - Abs, quads PostSway - Paraspinal, hams small, infirm surface, large perturbations |
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Stepping Strategy
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To bring BOS under COM
A more drastic measure brought in after ankle and hip strategy |
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Suspensory Strategy
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Lowering COM for stability
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Mediolateral Stability
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Patterns are more variable
Proximal to Distal activation |
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Sensory Strategy
Vison |
Position of head to surroundings
Verticality reference Include Peripheral and foveal information Can be inaccurate and override other systems (car inching forward) |
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Sensory Strategy
Somatosensory |
Position and motion of body in reference to support
Relation between body parts Less helpful with moving/non-horizontal surface |
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Sensory Strategy
Vestibular |
SC Canlas - Angular, fast move
Otoliths - relative to gravity, slow movement Alone can't give true reference |
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Sensory Strategies in Perturbed Stance by age
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Infants - Vision dominant
Adults - Prefers Somatosensory |
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What is the order of muscle activation in movement concerning Anticipatory Postural Control
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Postural m - Prime Movers - Postural m again
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What are some aging changes in postural control?
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Strength, ROM down
Increased Sway amount/velocity Slower muscle response -eliminates ankle strategy, shift to hip/suspensory/stepping |
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Abnormal Postural Control
Motor Constraints |
Joint Restrictions
-ROM, artificial Muscle Restrictions -ROM, Spascticity, tone Loss of Anticipatory Control |
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Abnormal Postural Control
Sensory Disorders |
Loss of one or more senses
Inflexible weighting/overly dependent Misrepresentation of limits of stability |
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Abnormal Postural Control
Coordination Problems |
Abnormal Sequencing
Delayed Recruitment of proximal synergistic muscles Co-contraction of antagonists Delayed postural response Difficulty scaling amplitude -over/under Motor Adaptation Problems |
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Assessment of Postural Control
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Quantitative
1. Assess fall risk 2. Observe functional movement Qualitative 3. Alignment 4. Motor Strategies 5. Sensory Strategy (SOT) 6. Impairment testing |
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How can you grade the postural training task?
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alter speed
alter BOS Manipulate BOS Increase reps add upper body task add cognitive (distracting) task |