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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is Postural Control?
Controlling position in space for stability nad orientation
What is Postural Orientation?
Ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments, environment

Vertical orientation, use of sensory references (gravity, support)
What is Postural Stability?
Ability to maintain body in equilibrium

COM within limits of stability of BOS
What is the Center of Mass
Center point of total body mass
What is the Base of Support
Contact with support surface
What are the Limits of Stability?
Boundaries within which a person can maintain balance without changing BOS
Stability vs. Orientation
Two distinct goals in Postural Control

Sometimes maintain one and sacrifice the other (diving for soccer ball)
What are the Neural components of Postural Control?
Sensory

Motor

Integrative Processing
What about Stance Postural Control?
Quiet stance - small force Ant Tib, Gastroc

Organize sensory information
-Visual
-Somatosensory
-Vestibular
Contributions in quiet stance
Alignment (bad=^energy)

Muscle tone and strategies

Sensory strategies

Sway A/P, Med/Lat
What are the active muscles in good alignment quiet stance?
Soleus/Gastroc

Tibialis Anterior

Gluteus Medeus

TFL

Iliopsoas

Thoracic Erector Spinae

Intermittent Abdominals
Ankle Strategy
Distal to Proximal activation

Ant Sway - gastroc, hams, paraspinals

Post Sway - Ant Tib, Quads, Abdominals

firm, flat surface, small perturbations
Hip Strategy
Proximal to Distal activation

AntSway - Abs, quads

PostSway - Paraspinal, hams

small, infirm surface, large perturbations
Stepping Strategy
To bring BOS under COM

A more drastic measure brought in after ankle and hip strategy
Suspensory Strategy
Lowering COM for stability
Mediolateral Stability
Patterns are more variable

Proximal to Distal activation
Sensory Strategy

Vison
Position of head to surroundings

Verticality reference

Include Peripheral and foveal information

Can be inaccurate and override other systems (car inching forward)
Sensory Strategy

Somatosensory
Position and motion of body in reference to support

Relation between body parts

Less helpful with moving/non-horizontal surface
Sensory Strategy

Vestibular
SC Canlas - Angular, fast move

Otoliths - relative to gravity, slow movement

Alone can't give true reference
Sensory Strategies in Perturbed Stance by age
Infants - Vision dominant

Adults - Prefers Somatosensory
What is the order of muscle activation in movement concerning Anticipatory Postural Control
Postural m - Prime Movers - Postural m again
What are some aging changes in postural control?
Strength, ROM down

Increased Sway amount/velocity

Slower muscle response
-eliminates ankle strategy, shift to hip/suspensory/stepping
Abnormal Postural Control

Motor Constraints
Joint Restrictions
-ROM, artificial

Muscle Restrictions
-ROM, Spascticity, tone
Loss of Anticipatory Control
Abnormal Postural Control

Sensory Disorders
Loss of one or more senses

Inflexible weighting/overly dependent

Misrepresentation of limits of stability
Abnormal Postural Control

Coordination Problems
Abnormal Sequencing

Delayed Recruitment of proximal synergistic muscles

Co-contraction of antagonists

Delayed postural response

Difficulty scaling amplitude
-over/under

Motor Adaptation Problems
Assessment of Postural Control
Quantitative
1. Assess fall risk
2. Observe functional movement

Qualitative
3. Alignment
4. Motor Strategies
5. Sensory Strategy (SOT)
6. Impairment testing
How can you grade the postural training task?
alter speed
alter BOS
Manipulate BOS
Increase reps
add upper body task
add cognitive (distracting) task