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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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myths |
primarily concerned with the gods and humankind's relationships with them |
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legends and sagas |
rooted in history (even if they are fantastical) |
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folktales |
like legends except their primary purpose is to entertain |
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fairytales |
have a moral content and are aimed at the young |
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true myth |
primarily concerned with the gods, religion, and supernatural |
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themes: |
include creation, the relationship between the gods and humans, the afterlife, and other spiritual concerns |
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when did myths take place? |
distant past, but no actual dates |
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etiological myths |
attempt to explain the origin or less narrowly, the cause of certain phenomena |
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whats genesis 3? |
why snakes crawl on their bellies |
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who said myths are metaphors for natural phenomena ? (myths and allegory) |
max muller |
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sigmund freud |
oedipus complex: |
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carl jung |
collective unconscious : myths contain archetype images which are universal to all humans |
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deinotherium giganteum |
giant terrible beast |
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gaia: mother earth |
bore uranus (so he can surround her and cover her and be a secure home for gods) then slept with him and bore ocean, the titans, the cyclopes, and 3 sons the Heactorchiers with 100 arms and 50 heads |
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chthonic diety |
female god |
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12 titans |
6 females 6 males - most popular are coeus and phoebe whose daughter is leto who sleeps with zeus and has apollo and artemis - oceanus and tethys produce lots of little oceanids -hyperion and theia make helios, eos, and selene (gods of the sun, dawn, and moon) |
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how did uranus die? |
while laying in bed with gaia, cronos grabbed a serrates sickle and cut off his nuts (uranus hated his kids) - his blood created erinyes, the giants, and the tree nymphs -the rest went into the sea and made Aphrodite |
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who are cronos and rheas kids? (they are brother and sister) |
hestia, demeter, hera, hades, posideon, and zeus - eats all his kids except zeus and rhea kills him by tricking him to swallow a rock |
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how did zeus get his siblings back? |
he gets metis (daughter of oceanus and tethys) to help him make a potion that made cromis vomit out all of zeus' brothers and sisters |
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hesiods ages of humankind |
- gold -silver -bronze -heroes -iron |
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prometheus
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names means forethought |
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14 main greek deities |
zeus, hera, posideon, hades, hestia, hephaestus, ares, apollo, artemis, demeter, aphrodite, athena, hermes, dionysus |
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hestia: |
goddess of the hearth maintains the domestic flame oldest of the olympians (after aphrodite) rejects apollo and poseidon and vows chastity |
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zeus |
name means bright god of sky hurls thunder and lighting carries the aegis oak and eagle are also his symbols |
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zeus' epithets: (names) |
- zeus olpympios -zeus xenios -zeus agoraios -zeus panhellenios -zeus horkios -zeus mellichios |
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what is one of the 7 wonders? |
the chryselephantine cult statue at the temple in olympia |
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children of zeus and hera |
-eileithya : goddess of childbirth -hebe: cupbearer to the gods -hephaestus: gods of crafts, art ,and fire - born lame; marries Aphrodite - ares: god of war |
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other children of zeus |
-the muses: 9 daughters of zeus and mnemosyne -the fates: 3 daughters of zeus and themis |
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symbols with animals associated with the gods: |
zeus: eagle hera: peacock poseiden: horse athena: owl Aphrodite: dove, sparrow, and goose ares: the boar hermes: tortoise, rooster |
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symbols with objects associated with the gods |
zeus: lighting bolt, scepter hera: scepter poseidon: trident athena: aegis and helmet ares : weapons artemis : bow and arrow hermes: caduceus, winged sandals apollo: lyre |
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anthropomorphism |
human shaped - gods just like humans but more so bc their bodies can be deformed - can do everything except die |
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protagoras: |
" man is the measure of all things " - greek humanism |
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attributes related to Poseidon |
- carries the trident -bearded older man -long messy hair -violent -associated with earthquakes and horses |
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athena's names |
-pallas athena (maiden) -glaukopis (Grey eyed) -athena parthenos (virgin) -tritogeneia (trito- born) |
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athenas main characteristics |
-goddess of the city (Athens mainly ) -chastity -organizational powers -helps invents boats - gives bellerophon bridles to ride pegasus -goddess of weaving - best known for her wisdom and skill in battle |
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athena's material attributes |
-the aegis (w/ gorgon's head and snakes), helmet, and spear - the olive tree -the owl |
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major buildings on the acropolis |
-parthenon -erechtheion -propylaea -temple of athena nike |
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the parthenon |
- built on top of ruins of the old parthenon - architects: lctinus and callicrates -sculptor: phideias |
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aphrodite's names |
-aphros: foam -roman name : venus -aphrodite urania : celestial aphrodite - aphrodite pandemos : common aphrodite -cytherea |
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where was aprhodite born |
she was born in the sea from uranus' foam -goddess of pure love |
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who are aphrodite parents? |
zeus (dios) and dione (she -zeus) - DIONE: goddess of physical satisfaction and procreation |
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aprhodites attendants |
the three graces or the horae (seasons) |
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eros |
-cupid -son of Aphrodite and ares |
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attributes of artemis |
-beautiful -chaste -virgin -sister of apollo -huntress -depicted with bow and arrows -goddess of childbirth |
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attributes of apollo |
-young (always beardless) -musician (holds a lyre) -hunter (uses the bow and arrow) -god of the sun (rides chariot across the sky) -god of prophecy -wears a laurel wreath -god of sailors -god of colonizers -the raven |
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names of apollo |
-pheobus apollo -pythian apollo -the far shooter |
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apollos tragic love affairs |
- the cumaean sibyl - eternal life, but not eternal youth - priam's daughter cassandra -princess who cried wolf -marpessa -fear of the immortal -cyrene (ends OK) -nymph who wrestled with a lion -daphne - etiology of apollo's laurel - hyacanthus - the spartan boy |
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the hyacinth |
used to celebrate the new year in the near east |
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apollo's enigmatic character |
- apollo is the most greek of all the greek gods -gentle and vehement -compassionate and ruthless -healer and destroyer "know thyself" |
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attributes of hermes |
- young and handsome -musican (invented the lyre) -god of poetry, literature, and oratory -herald and escort of the gods -psychopompos (escorts the dead to hades) -protector of the travelers - god of transitions (adulthood, death, sexuality) -thief (apollos cattle) -god of shepherds and merchants -god of weights and measures -god of athletics |
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material attributes of hermes |
-petasos- traveler's hat -caduceus- the messenger's staff -talaria - winged sandals |
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where was hermes born |
arcadia |
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invention of lyre |
hermes leaps out of his mothers arm and gets into trouble so he picks up a tortoise outside of the cave, guts it, then attaches some reeds to it, stretches an ox , strings it with sheep guts and begins to play - that night he steals apollos cattle and wearing sandals which he invents to cover his foot prints - he denies it but zeus gets the truth so the two brother exchange gifts - the lyre for the access to the Thriae |
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hermes transgressions |
- boundary between legal and illegal -truth and lies -family ties -youth and adulthood |
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attributes of dionysus (Bacchus) |
- god of wine
-the one born twice -effeminate features -often wears women clothes (aka his thing with hermaphrodites and transvestites) -depicted wearing a vine and/or leopard skin (but actually cheetah) -thyrsus (Spear with a pinecone on top) |
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demeter |
names means earth-mother - not sexually blatant, but pure represented by the love between a mother and her daughter - goddess of crops and harvest - epitomized in 2 ways -abduction of persephone by hades - the eleusinian mysteries |
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the eleusinian mysteries
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events include: - wailing -fasting -carrying of torches -exchange of jests -drinking kykeon -wearing of special dress - multiple levels of initiation |
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allegories and archetypes |
the seasons two mothers the forbidden fruit coming of age |
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hades, plutos, dis |
-ooften depicted with a cornucopia -also seen with cerberus, the 3-headed dog |
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the 3 judges |
- aiakos (aeacus): held keys, judge of europe -rhadamanthys: lord of elysion, judge of asia -minos: had the final vote |
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who is ixion: |
the first murderer |
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what is an archetypal element in the hero's quest |
going to hades and back (overcoming death) |
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what came first in the creation of the world? |
chaos then gaia |
