Mycenaean Costume/dress

Front 1

What elements of Mycenaeanmilitary costume are common to those of Mesopotamia?

Back 1

Fringed wrap skirts, tunic tops, and pointed helmets.

Front 2

What were the three steps required for Greek women to produce home textiles? Describe the tools and materials they used.

Back 2

Fiber preparation: raw wool was washed, hand-pulled to remove impurities, and carded. Spinning: pulled wool was attached to a forked distaff from which strands were pinched out into a thread that was twisted tightly by a spindle. Weaving: yarns threaded through a vertical loom.

Front 3

What was the key element of Greek style in costume?

Back 3

Greek apparel primarily consisted of rectangular pieces of cloth that were draped about the body.

Front 4

Compare the evolution of Greek costume with that of Mesopotamian costume in the first millenium BCE

Back 4

Greek costume never underwent any major construction transformation. Changes in style were subtle such as the abandonment of the narrow, sleeveless Doric chiton for the voluminous, sleeved Ionic version. By contrast, inMesopotamia, costume evolved from wrap garments to cut-and-sewn tunics andfinally to tailored jackets with inset sleeves and fitted trousers.

Front 5

Describe an exomis.

Back 5

The exomis was mostly worn by men of lower classes. It consisted of a small rectangle of cloth that draped around the body and tied or pinned overthe shoulder.

Front 6

What were the differences between the Doric chiton and the Ionic version?

Back 6

The Doric chiton was a narrow tube of fabric sewn up one side. It was worn pinned at the shoulders with fibulae and variously bound with girdles, belts and chords. The Ionic version was wide and voluminous, allowing for the fashioning of sleeves with pins or tapes.

Front 7

Whichstyle was the earlier, Doric or Ionic chiton, and what event purportedly initiated the changeover?

Back 7

The Doric chiton preceded the Ionic version. Herodotus tells us thata mob of Athenian women killed a messenger with their fibulae because they thought he was the only survivor from a disastrous battle defeat for Athens. Afterwards, women were forbidden to wear the long fibula pins.

Front 8

Describe what dressing “in the Spartan manner” meant to Greek women.

Back 8

A euphemism for indecent exposure.

Front 9

To which garment did “in the Spartan manner” apply and why?

Back 9

The open peplos was not sewn up when the women of Sparta wore it and the side thereby exposed thewoman’s hip and thigh.

Front 10

Name and describe a garment that was worn exclusively by Greek men

Back 10

The chlamys was a short cloak worn only by men. It covered the shoulders and was fastened in the front.

Front 11

Compare how Greek men and women wore the himation.

Back 11

Older men wore the himation to project an aura of noble dignity. Younger men wore the himation more loosely and with less coverage of the body. Women wore the himation as an outer cloak that could veil virtually the entire head and body.

Front 12

What was socially significant/symbolic about the women’s versions of the himation?

Back 12

This method of draping the himation reflected the protected,secluded status of Greek women and their sense of modesty.

Front 13

What cultural circumstances encouraged Greek men to display their nudity?

Back 13

A significant part of a young man’s education was sports activities,which inspired the display of the healthy, athletic male body. Nudity was required for competitive sports, attendance at the gymnasium and in certain public ceremonies. The nude display of masculine beauty was regarded as a holy offering to the gods.

Front 14

What were the three components of Greek military body armor and how were they made?

Back 14

The Corinthian helmet - most likely worn by elite soldiers. It was of a single cast in iron or bronze and designed to cover the entire head andface.

The cuirass was made of linen glued in layers and attached to a vest that tied around the torso.

The shins were protected by greaves made ofmolded linen or leather.

Front 15

Describe six “tricks of the trade” employed by the Greeks in producing theatrical costumes.

Back 15

Masks to define characters,

platform shoes for height,

painted textiles to simulate rich fabrics,

use of color to set moods,

recognizable decorative motifs to define foreigners, and

the addition of grotesque paddingand appendages to enhance characters.