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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
organisms that produce their own organic molecules through carbon dioxide and other inorganic molecules
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autotrophs
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organisms that obtain their organic material by consuming other organisms
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heterotrophs
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the green pigment located in chloroplasts
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chlorophyll
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the tissue in the interior of leaves
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mesophyll
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microscopic pores in leaves
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stomata
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an electron acceptor in the light reactions of photosynthesis
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NADP+
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the generation of ATP by the addition of a phosphate group to ADP
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photophosphorylation
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the initial incorporation of carbon from the atmosphere into organic compounds
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carbon fixation
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the distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves (measured in nm)
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wavelength
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the entire range of radiation
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electromagnetic spectrum
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light between 380 and 750 nm
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visible light
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discrete particles of light that have fixed energy
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photons
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an instrument that can measure the ability of a pigment to absorb various light wavelengths
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spectrophotometer
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a graph plotting a pigment's light absorption
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absorption spectrum
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chlorophyll type that absorbs light best at 430 and 670 nm
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chlorophyll a
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chlorophyll type that absorbs best at 470 and 640 nm
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chlorophyll b
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pigments that are various shades of yellow and orange
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carotenoids
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complexes of chlorophyll and proteins in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts
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photosystems
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the region of a photosystem where the first light-driven chemical reaction of photosynthesis occurs
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reaction center
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the molecule in a photosystem that gains an electron from a chlorophyll a molecule
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primary electron acceptor
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P700; the photosystem that passes electrons to NADP+
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Photosystem I
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p680; the photosystem that passes electrons down an electron transport chain to photosystem I
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Photosystem II
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the path of light-driven electrons from water to NADPH, through PII and PI
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noncyclic electron flow
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ATP synthesis during noncyclic electron flow; occurs through chemiosmosis and produces more ATP
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noncyclic photophosphorylation
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ATP synthesis during cyclic electron flow; less ATP is produced through chemiosmosis; no oxygen is released and no NADPH produced
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cyclic photophosphorylation
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the path of electrons from PI back to the cytochrome complex and PI again
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cyclic electron flow
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the "dark reactions" or light-independent reactions of photosynthesis
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Calvin cycle
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a 3-C sugar produced directly from the Calvin cycle
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glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
(G3P) |
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the enzyme that catalyzes the "fixing" of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate
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rubisco
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plants in which rubisco is used to fix carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate
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C-3
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a metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen, releases carbon dioxide, generates no ATP, and decreases photosynthetic output
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photorespiration
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plants that employ an alternate mode of carbon fixation that forms a 4-carbon compound; calvin cycle occurs in bundle sheath cells
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C-4
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specialized cells in C-4 plants where the Calvin cycle occurs; impermeable to carbon dioxide
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bundle sheath cells
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loosely arranged cells in C-4 plants where PEP carboxylase fixes carbon dioxide
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mesophyll cells
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the enzyme in C-4 plants that adds carbon dioxide to phosphoenolpyruvate
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PEP carboxylase
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plants that open their stomata at night and close them during the day; take up carbon dioxide and incorporate it into a variety of organic acids
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CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) plants
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a stack of thylakoids
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granum
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the fluid surrounding the grana in a chloroplast; location of the Calvin cycle
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stroma
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location of PII, the ETC, PI, and ATP synthase in chloroplasts
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thylakoid membrane
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location in chloroplasts where water is split and H+ concentration is relatively high
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thylakoid space
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