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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mutation
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Any change in a gene or the expression of a gene
Example: changing one base or many bases in a gene sequence. |
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2 categories of mutations
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1) chromosomal
2) gene |
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Which type of mutation is worse for you? Why?
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Chromosomal because it changes many genes
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Point mutation
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A change at ONE spot within a gene (gene mutation)
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3 types of gene mutations
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1) substitution
2) deletion 3) addition |
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substitution
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a type of gene mutation where one nucleotide is changed for another - the number of the nucleotides in the gene remains the same
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deletion
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a type of gene mutation where one nucleotide is REMOVED from a gene - the number of nucleotides in the gene decreases by one
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insertion
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a type of gene mutation where one nucleotide is ADDED from a gene - the number of nucleotides in the gene increases by one
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frameshift
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where the reading frame is changed, the codons in the original gene are no longer the same, and as a result, neither are the amino acids in the protein that this mutated gene codes for
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3 results of gene mutations
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1) missense
2) silent 3) nonsense |
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missense mutation
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When there is a change in one of the amino acids in the polypeptide sequence - could be good or bad depending on what this change does to the protein
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silent mutation
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There is NO change to the resulting protein - the amino acid is the same but the base sequence is different - there is NO affect to the proteins productivity/usefulness
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nonsense mutation
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The resulting protein is too short, too long and/or is composed of amino acids that are wrong in the important places. As a result the protein does NOT function.
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codon
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3 bases found on the mRNA
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anticodon
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3 bases found on the tRNA
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rDNA
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recombinant DNA - made from DNA originating from 2 different organisms
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3 current uses of rDNA
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1) cloning genes
2) mass producing proteins and hormones 3) producing genetically modified organisms |
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1 proposed use of rDNA
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*THIS IS NOT FULLY DONE*
gene therapy - replacing defective genes with good ones. |
