Mutations

Front 1

What is a mutation

Back 1

a stable, heritable alteration of the Gentetic code

Front 2

what are the outcomes of a mutation

Back 2

either phenotypic change or it can be masked

Front 3

chemical changes

Back 3

keto from of nitrogenous bases occur most frequently

Front 4

what is the significance of 5-bromouracil, hydroylamine, and nitrosogunidin

Back 4

have a stronge prpensity to change keto->enol form. under normal conditions it binds to A. but in enol from it binds to c.

Front 5

Ultra Violet Light

Back 5

stimulates dimerization of adjacent thymines on a DNA structure. 260nm

Front 6

Errors in replication

Back 6

1:10^9. Human genome size 3*10^p bases

Front 7

Missense

Back 7

When a base change may result in an or encodes a different amino acid.
1)Different A.A
2)Deletion->change in reading frame.
3)Addition->change in ORF

Front 8

Nonsense

Back 8

Base change may result in a stop codon in the ORF.The outcome is termination of protein synthesis witha stop codon.

Front 9

Silent

Back 9

Base change resulting in no change in the A.A content of the ORF. ->Wobble Hypothesis

Front 10

Forward mutation

Back 10

causes a change in the A.A content and possibly new function to a protein.

Front 11

Reverse mutation

Back 11

causes a chance in the A.A sequence bringing the sequence back to the original

Front 12

Conditional Mutation

Back 12

mutations observed under certain conditions.
Ex: high temo suppression of the effect of a base change

Front 13

Detection of mutations in bacteria

Back 13

1st serially dilute
plate on ___ agar

Front 14

Replica plating can be used to detect ____?

Back 14

Auxotrophs(requires addition of an A.A or vitatime to the medium)

Front 15

Bruce Ames did what

Back 15

made a test that tests the likelihood that a mutagen is also a carcinogen.

Front 16

what do u need for the ames test?

Back 16

1)stain of bacteria:tester strain
2)medium lacking Histodine in sufficient quantites
3)Rat Liver enzymes(S9)
4)Chemical to be tested