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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are mutagens? |
Any environmental agents that may cause mutations in DNA |
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What is a mutation? |
Any change in the genetic code (DNA) within a cell |
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What is a somatic mutation? What can it lead to? |
A mutation in the DNA of a body cell, cancer |
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What is a germinal mutation? What can it lead to? |
A mutation in the DNA of sperm or egg, genetic disorders in the offspring |
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What causes the majority of mutations? |
Mutagens |
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Name 7 common types of mutagens and give an example (where possible) of each. |
- High energy radiation (x-rays) - Industrial chemicals (PCB's) - Pollutants (cigarette smoke) - Pesticides - Food additives - Drugs - Viruses |
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What are the two types of mutations called? |
Chromosomal and gene |
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When do chromosomal mutations occur? |
When a chromosome is damaged/broken and is not repaired properly |
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What are the 4 things that can result from chromosomal mutations? |
Deletion, duplication, translocation, or inversion |
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What is deletion? |
The removal of a piece of DNA from a chromosome, often from the end piece |
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What is duplication? |
The repeating of a sequence within the chromosome |
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What is translocation? |
The exchanging of chromosome segments between two different chromosomes that may result in missing alleles in the offspring |
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What is inversion? |
It is when a segment of a chromosome is turn upside down |
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What are gene mutations? |
Changes in the sequence of nitrogenous bases in a gene |
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What is a gene? |
A DNA segment on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein |
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What are the 3 things that can result from gene mutations? |
Addition, deletion, or substitution of a nucleotide |
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Which is the only gene mutation that can occur without affecting protein synthesis? |
Substitution |
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What can occur due to addition and deletion? |
Problems in protein production and the genetic disorders |
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Name 4 disorders related to the effect of gene mutations on protein synthesis. |
-Sickle-cell disease - Galactosemia - PKU - Albinism |
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A substitution which occurs and causes no change is referred to as what? |
A "silent" mutation |
