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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hocket
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the rhythmic linear technique using the alternation of notes, pitches, or chords.
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Syllabic
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each syllable of text is matched to a single note
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Melismatic
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singing of a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession
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Microtone
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music using microtones—intervals of less than an equally spaced semitone. Microtonal music can also refer to music which uses intervals not found in the Western system of 12 equal intervals to the octave.
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Call and Response
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a succession of two distinct phrases usually played by different musicians, where the second phrase is heard as a direct commentary on or response to the firs
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Vocable
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an utterance, term, or word that is capable of being spoken and recognized
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Strophic Form
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the simplest and most durable of musical forms, elaborating a piece of music by repetition of a single formal section. This may be analyzed as "A A A...". This additive method is the musical analogue of repeated stanzas in poetry or lyrics and, in fact, where the text repeats the same rhyme scheme from one stanza to the next the song's structure also often uses either the same or very similar material from one stanza to the next
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Klezmer
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a musical tradition of the Ashkenazic Jews of Eastern Europe. Played by professional musicians called klezmorim, the genre consists largely of dance tunes and instrumental display pieces for weddings and other celebrations. Although the genre has its origins in Eastern Europe, the particular form now known as klezmer developed in the United States in the milieu of Yiddish-speaking Jewish immigrants who arrived between 1880 and 1924.[1]
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Klezmorim
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The musicians who play "Klezmor" music
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Ashkenazic/Ashkenazi
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Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities along the Rhine in Germany from Alsace in the south to the Rhineland in the north. Diversified Yiddish in lands they travelled
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Karelia
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ancient territory considered the home of Finnish culture
(Finland) |
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Kalevala
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Collection of Finno-Karelian
epic poetry • source of song texts • myths, legends, Viking tales, tales of magic & shamen, Christian legends, ballads, dance songs (Finland) |
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Runo/ Runo-laulu
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traditional song with text
from the Kalevala • syllabic • first syllable usually accented • common & uncommon meters (Finland) |
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Kantele
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folk zither/harp
• national instrument • 5 to 36 strings • creation (Finland) |
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Jouhikko
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• bowed lyre
• 2 or 3 strings • one string used as drone (Finland) |
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Sami/Saami
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the arctic indigenous people inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of far northern Sweden
(Finland) |
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yoik
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to sing (the essence of)
someone or something, not to sing about someone or something (Finland) |
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Varttina
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ensemble; an example of
contemporary Finnish music • combine rock, Balkan music, traditional Finnish music |
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Lordi
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Heavy metal band _____ won
Eurovision song contest in 2006, Finland’s first ever win. (Finland) |
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Euro-American & African-American influences in Appalachian music
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European (English, Irish, Scottish) song
forms, singing, ballad collections • European instruments (fiddle, lutes) • Protestant Church • African American song forms, singing • minstrel music • African American instruments (banjo) |
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Roscoe Holcomb
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Appalachia- Stingy Woman Blues
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Minstrel Music
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American popular music modeled after
African American music • rose to prominence in 1820s/1830s • performed by both Blacks and Whites (sometimes in “blackface”) • caricatures of Black culture • combined Euro-Celtic fiddle w/banjo, tambourine, and idiophone “bones” (flat castanets made from bone or wood) |
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The Bristol Sessions
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1927
• response to radio • technological developments • Jimmie Rodgers • Carter Family The _______ _________ are considered the "Big Bang" of modern country music. They were held in 1927 in Bristol, Tennessee by Ralph Peer. They marked the commercial debuts of Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family. |
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Ralph Peer
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a talent scout, recording engineer and record producer in the field of music in the 1920s and 1930s. Pioneered remote recording of music when in June 1923 he took remote recording equipment south to Atlanta, Georgia to record regional music outside the recording studio in such places as hotel rooms, ballrooms, or empty warehouses
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Carter Family
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• “First Family of Country Music”
• A.P. Carter (vocals; song collector) • Sara Carter (vocals; autoharp) • Maybelle Carter (vocals; guitar) • “scratch” guitar style |
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A.P. Carter
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• A.P. Carter (vocals; song collector)
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Sarah Carter
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Sara Carter (vocals; autoharp)
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Maybelle Carter
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Maybelle Carter (vocals; guitar)
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Scratch Guitar Style
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invented by Maybelle Carter. Played rhythm on high strings and melody on low strings
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Autoharp
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strummed zither w/buttons
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Jimmy Rodgers
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• first country music star
• former minstrel/vaudeville performer • known for yodeling (Yodeling Cowboy) • blues (Blue Yodel series) |
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Mandolin
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Bill Monroe's main instrument in bluegrass. comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. A ______ may have f-holes, or a single round or oval sound hole.
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Banjo(+history)
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originally an African American
instrument • by late 1700s played by Anglo Americans as well • in 1900s became associated with Anglo American music |
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Bill Monroe
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an American musician who helped develop the style of music known as bluegrass, which takes its name from his band, the "Blue Grass Boys," named for ______ home state of Kentucky. ________ performing career spanned 60 years as a singer, instrumentalist, composer and bandleader. He is often referred to as The Father of Bluegrass.
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Bluegrass
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• named after the Bluegrass state
• Bill Monroe (mandolin) • added string bass and mandolin to banjo, fiddle, and guitar • professional and virtuosic |
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Newgrass
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• contemporary expressions of
bluegrass music • pop, rock, jazz influences • Alison Krauss • Nickel Creek |
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Narodna Muzika
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traditional music
• part of Balkan music complex • meter: great metrical variety, many compound or asymmetrical meters (Bulgaria) |
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Svatbarska Muzika
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modern Bulgarian wedding music
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Gaida
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Bagpipe (bulgarian)
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Kaval
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Wooden Flute (bulgarian)
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Gudulka
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bowed fiddle (bulgarian)
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Tupan
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large double-headed drum (bulgarian)
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Phillip Koutev
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________ has become perhaps the most influential musician of 20th century Bulgaria, and updated rural music with more accessible harmonies to great domestic acclaim. In 1951, ________ founded the group known today as the Bulgarian State Television Female Vocal Choir, which became famous worldwide after the release of a series of recordings entitled Le Mystère des Voix Bulgares.
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Ivo Papazov
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Bulgarian of Rom/Turkish ancestry
• virtuosic clarinetist, bandleader • most popular Wedding musician in 1980s-90s • “Balkan jazz” |
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General history of Music Transformation(bulgarian)
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• modern instruments
• Western tunings and harmonies • performance standards • music notation • large ensembles under director *arranged folklore *Philip Koutev (Women’s choral music) |
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(Cuban) son
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The Cuban Son-->Salsa
• secular dance music • blend of African / European elements (Puerto Rico) |
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Montuno(section)
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• call-and-response vocals
• lead singer (sonero) improvises phrases and rhymes called inspiraciones • more animated rhythms • bongó & timbales play bells (Puerto Rico) |
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Sonero
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lead singer (______) improvises
phrases and rhymes called inspiraciones (Puerto Rico) |
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Ruchenitsa
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Bulgarian Folk-dance, single or couple, good for state exhibition. 7-beat meter
(Puerto Rico) |
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Sonero
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lead singer( ______ )improvises phrases and rhymes called inspiraciones
(Puerto Rico) |
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Coro
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???
Latin freestyle singer (Puerto Rico) |
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Inspiraciones
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lead singer (sonero) improvises
phrases and rhymes called ___________ (Puerto Rico) |
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Boriken
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~900 B.C.E.: indigenous groups originating in
S. American populate _______ (Puerto Rico) |
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Seis
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(____ jibaro)
• ____: style of jíbaro music • old genre from colonial era • strong Spanish influence (Puerto Rico) |
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Jibaro
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rural farmer
(Puerto Rico) |
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Cuatro
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Seis Jibaro is dominated by chordophones such as the ______
(Puerto Rico) |
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Ramito
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Flor Morales Ramos was a famous Puerto Rican singer; considered the king of Jíbaro music
(Puerto Rico) |
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Bomba
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old genre from colonial era
• most African-influenced PR genre • rural – several styles • percussion & voice • call and response • solo dancers interact with lead drummer (Puerto Rico) |
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Barril
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The________ are the traditional drums used in bomba music of Puerto Rico, since they have long been built from the wood of barrels. These drums are single-headed, shorter and wider than conga drums, and resonate deeper.
(Puerto Rico) |
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Subidor
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higher-pitched barril drum
that plays lead rhythms/solos (Puerto Rico) |
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Plena
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urban working-class genre created
in the 20th century • dominated by drums/voice (possibly descended from bomba) • topical songs • “el periódico cantado” • became a band dance style (Puerto Rico) |
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El Periodico Cantado
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Plena was often called the _________ _________ or "sung newspaper" for the lower classes because it spread messages among people(puerto rico)
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Pandereta
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__________ resemble tambourines but without the cymbals. These are handheld drums with stretched animal skins covering a round wooden frame. (puerto rico)
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Guicharo
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A serrated gourd, scraped with a stick, very popular in Afro-Cuban, as well as other Latin American countries, music.
(Puerto Rico) |
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Salsa
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trans-national Latin dance music
modeled on Cuban music • marketing term associated with Fania record label in NYC (1964) • “Newyoricans” (Puerto Rico) • modern urban reality |
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Fania
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record label in NYC (1964), marketed "Salsa" music
(Puerto Rico) |
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Tito Puente
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was a Latin Jazz and Salsa music musician; The King of Latin Music
(Puerto Rico) |
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Ruben Blades
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a Panamanian salsa singer, songwriter, lawyer, actor, Latin jazz musician, and politician
(Puerto Rico) |
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Mambo(section)
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• _____ section (instrumental
ensemble section) or instrumental solo (Puerto Rico) |
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Similarity between son/ salsa song form
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Cuban "Son" music is the root of "Salsa" music
(Puerto Rico) |
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Newyoricans
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refers to the members or culture of the Puerto Rican diaspora located in or around New York State especially the New York City metropolitan area, or of their descendants (especially those raised or still living in the New York area). This term could be used for Puerto Ricans living in other areas in the Northeast outside New York State. The term is also used by Boricuas (Puerto Ricans from Puerto Rico) to differentiate those of Puerto Rican descent from the Puerto Rico-born. The term Nuyorican is also sometimes used to refer to the Spanish spoken by New York Puerto Ricans.
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Quechua, Aymara
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Two of the hundreds of indigenous languages of the Andean region
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Indigenismo
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early 20th century artistic and literary movement that celebrated Andean identity as expressed by urban intellectuals (often romanticized) (Andes)
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Mestizo
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is a term traditionally used in Latin America and Spain for people of mixed European and Native American heritage or descent.(Andes)
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El Condor Pasa
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• ____________ arguably the
most famous “Andean” composition • said to be ancient Inca melody, but composed in 1913 for Peruvian musical theater(Andes) |
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Los Jairas
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Bolivian ensemble that
popularized the combination of many Andean music traditions (quena, siku, charango) into a single hybrid ensemble; also used guitar (andes) |
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Yaravi
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ballad of pre-contact origins(andes)
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Huayno
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dance/music genre of precontact
origins(andes) |
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Fuga
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“escape”; ending section of a
huayno, sometimes has a faster tempo(Andes) |
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Quena
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notched, end-blown flute(Andes)
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Siku/ Zamponas
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panpipes
(sometimes played in hocket) (Andes) |
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Sikuri
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Aymara term for panpipe
ensemble(Andes) |
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Tinya
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One of the most widely-used Andean percussion instruments. The _____ is a small drum with two skins made from the leather of different animals. The musician dangles the _____ from his left hand and plays the drum with a drumstick. It is used in traditional peasant music, particularly in dances and ritual ceremonies (cattle branding, harvest time, etc.).
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Danza de las Tijeras
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Indigenous festival dance:
one Peruvian example: _____ __ ___ _______ (the Scissors Dance) • dancers perform while clicking together loose scissor blades • performed with harp and violin • display of physical and spiritual power |
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Nueva Cancion
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literally “New Song”
• folk song style (Violeta Parra’s folklore work a precursor) • evolved into political song, especially in Chile • associated with social justice, popular among educated youth, workers, poor |
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Violeta Parra
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???_______ folklore work a precursor to Nueva Cancion
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Victor Jara
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Chilean teacher, theatre director, poet, singer-songwriter, political activist and member of the Communist Party of Chile. Brutally murdered by army in stadium of chile
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Inti-Illimani
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an instrumental and vocal Latin American folk music ensemble from Chile. The group was formed in 1967 by a group of university students and it acquired widespread popularity in Chile for their song Venceremos (We shall win!) which became the anthem of the Popular Unity government of Salvador Allende. At the moment of the September 11, 1973 Chilean coup they were on tour in Europe and were unable to return to their country where their music was proscribed by the ruling military junta. In Europe their music took on a multifarious character, incorporating elements of European baroque and other traditional music forms to their rich and colourful Latin American rhythms - creating a distinctive fusion of modern world music. They are perhaps the best internationally known members of the nueva canción movement. Their name means 'Sun of the Illimani' in Aymara. Illimani is the name of a mountain in the Bolivian Andes. They influenced Yeni Türkü, a Turkish group, during their debut album, Buğdayın Türküsü (Song of Wheat) in 1979. Also name of them was derived from "Nueva canción" ("New Song" in Spanish), music style of Inti Illimani.
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Quilapayun
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an instrumental and vocal folk music group from Chile and among the longest lasting and most influential exponents of the Nueva Canción Chilena (New Song) movement. Formed in Chile during the mid-1960s, the group became inseparable with the revolution that occurred in the popular music of the country under the Popular Unity Government of Salvador Allende
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Charango
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small, guitar-like chordophone(Andes)
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Arpa
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Harp (chile)
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Los desaparecidos
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(film "dance of hope") People killed and Abducted under military leader Augusto Pinochet in Chile. "The disappeared"
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Cueca
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(film "dance of hope") are a family of musical styles and associated dances from Chile, Bolivia and Peru. In Chile, _____ holds the status of national dance
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Cueca Sola
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(film "dance of hope") Translates to "they dance alone" in Chilean
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The Pale of Settlement
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the term given to a region of Imperial Russia, in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed
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Yiddish
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High German language of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world
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Post-Holocaust Centers of Music
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?
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Krekhts
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an ornament that imitates or evokes a sob or moan
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Freylekhs
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Yiddish word for festive
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Dave Tarras
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was possibly the most famous 20th century klezmer musician; skilled clarinet player
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"Oriental Fox Trot", Jewish Jazz
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Jewish Jazz.... ???
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Yale Strom
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(violin, composer, filmmaker, writer, photographer, playwright) is a pioneer among klezmer revivalists in conducting extensive field research
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Klezmatics
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Grammy Award-winning American klezmer music group based in New York City
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