Music Theory Advanced Rudiments

Front 1

Cédez

Back 1

Yield, hold the tempo back

Hint 1

French

Front 2

Léger

Back 2

Light; lightly

Hint 2

French

Front 3

Lentement

Back 3

Slowly

Hint 3

French

Front 4

Modéré

Back 4

At a moderate tempo

Hint 4

French

Front 5

Mouvement

Back 5

Tempo; motion

Hint 5

French

Front 6

Vite

Back 6

Fast

Hint 6

French

Front 7

Bewegt

Back 7

Moving

Hint 7

German

Front 8

Langsam

Back 8

Slow; slowly

Hint 8

German

Front 9

Mässig

Back 9

Moderate; moderately

Hint 9

German

Front 10

Mit ausdruck

Back 10

With emotion

Hint 10

German

Front 11

Sehr

Back 11

Very

Hint 11

German

Front 12

Schnell

Back 12

Fast

Hint 12

German

Front 13

Ad libitum, ad lib.

Back 13

At the liberty of the performer

Hint 13

Italian

Front 14

Agitato

Back 14

Agitated

Hint 14

Italian

Front 15

Allargando, allarg.

Back 15

Broadening, becoming slower

Hint 15

Italian

Front 16

Arco

Back 16

For string instruments: resume bowing after a pizzicato passage

Front 17

Attacca

Back 17

Proceed without a break

Hint 17

Italian

Front 18

Calando

Back 18

Become slower and softer

Hint 18

Italian

Front 19

Comodo

Back 19

At a comfortable, easy tempo

Hint 19

Italian

Front 20

Con fuoco

Back 20

With fire

Hint 20

Italian

Front 21

Con grazia

Back 21

With grace

Hint 21

Italian

Front 22

Con sordino

Back 22

With mute

Hint 22

With mute

Front 23

Dolente

Back 23

Sad

Hint 23

Italian

Front 24

Giocoso

Back 24

Humorous

Hint 24

Italian

Front 25

Grandioso

Back 25

Grand, grandiose

Hint 25

Italian

Front 26

Largamente

Back 26

Broadly

Hint 26

Italian

Front 27

L'istesso tempo

Back 27

The same tempo

Hint 27

Italian

Front 28

Martellato

Back 28

Strongly accented, hammered

Hint 28

Italian

Front 29

Mesto

Back 29

Sad, mournful

Hint 29

Italian

Front 30

Morendo

Back 30

Dying, fading away

Hint 30

Italian

Front 31

Pesante

Back 31

Weighty, with emphasis

Hint 31

Italian

Front 32

Primo, prima

Back 32

First; the upper part of a duet

Hint 32

Italian

Front 33

Quindicesima alta

Back 33

Two octaves higher

Hint 33

Italian

Front 34

Risoluto

Back 34

Resolute

Hint 34

Italian

Front 35

Ritenuto, riten

Back 35

Suddenly slower, held back

Hint 35

Italian

Front 36

Scherzando

Back 36

Playful

Hint 36

Italian

Front 37

Secondo, seconda

Back 37

Second; second or lower part of a duet

Hint 37

Italian

Front 38

Semplice

Back 38

Simple

Hint 38

Italian

Front 39

Sforzando

Back 39

A sudden strong accent of a single note or a chord

Hint 39

Italian

Front 40

Simile

Back 40

Continue in the same manner as has just been indicated

Hint 40

Italian

Front 41

Sonore

Back 41

Sonorous

Hint 41

Italian

Front 42

Sopra

Back 42

Above

Hint 42

Italian

Front 43

Sostenuto

Back 43

Sustained

Hint 43

Italian

Front 44

Sotto voce

Back 44

Soft, subdued, under the breath

Hint 44

Italian

Front 45

Stringendo

Back 45

Pressing, becoming faster

Hint 45

Italian

Front 46

Subito

Back 46

Suddenly

Hint 46

Italian

Front 47

Tacet

Back 47

Be silent

Hint 47

Italian

Front 48

Tutti

Back 48

A passage for the ensemble

Hint 48

Italian

Front 49

Vivo

Back 49

Lively

Hint 49

Italian

Front 50

Volta

Back 50

Time (prima volta, first time; secinda volta, second time)

Hint 50

Italian

Front 51

Volti subito, v.s.

Back 51

Turn the page quickly

Front 52

Concert pitch

Back 52

Bb clarinet, trumpet F French horn English horn

Front 53

Written pitch

Back 53

Piano C