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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acoustical Properties of Sound
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Frequency, amplitude, waveform/envelope, duration
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Auditory Properties of Sound
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Pitch, loudnes, timbre, rhythm
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EEG
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Electrical measure of brain activity derived from electrodes placed on skull
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MEG
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Measures changes in brain activity through magnetic field. Neuroimaging method.
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PET
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Follows a radioactive tracer injected into the bloodstream. A neuroimaging tactic.
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fMRI
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tracking oxygenated hemoglobin via its magnetic spin. Neuroimaging tactic.
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why do we study infants?
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Can reveal predispositions for processing-species specific traits
Can reveal how/what we all learn as we develop Can reveal what kind of knowledge needs special training/exposure Can reveal universals? |
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How do we study newborns?
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For newborns we use HAS (High-Amplitude Sucking) and length of attention.
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How do we study newborns?
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For newborns we use HAS (High-Amplitude Sucking) and length of attention.
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How do we study newborns?
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For newborns we use HAS (High-Amplitude Sucking) and length of attention.
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How do we study at 5 mo.?
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Over 5 mos. the dominant paradigm is the head turn methodology VRA (Visual
Reinforcement Audiometry) habituate to a stimulus and train them to turn toward a display in connection with a change in the stimulus. Measure correct versus false positive = D-prime |
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What can infants do musically?
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Auditory Processing
Musical Grouping Melodic Perception Melodic Patterns Infant Music |
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What does durational illusion in infants refer to?
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Percieving lengthening of silence within a group of tones, but not between groups
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True or False. Infants experience stream segregation similar to adults.
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true
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Infants are sensitive to phrase boundary cues. True or False.
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True
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What can infants detect about music?
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Detect contour changes
Treat transposition and contour-preserving as identical |
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Infants can't detect whether a note is within a key or not. True or False
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False
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Infants segmentation schemes are examples of what systems of grouping?
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Gestalt
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Results of tone word study...
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Results in infants similar to adults in distinguishing tone words
Results identical to linguistic findings using syllables |
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what are normative skills?
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the musical skills that naturally develop in children as they
grow up in a given culture. |
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what are expert skills?
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the musical skills that develop through specialized training
and extensive practice. |
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Expert is to specialist as Normative is to ________
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generalist
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who was responsible for the symbol system approach of studying musical development?
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Gardner
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who studied children's drawings of rhythm?
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Bamberger
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They proposed the spiral model for musical development.
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Stanwick and Tillman
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what are the stages of Hargreaves model for musical development? What ages, does he suggest apply?
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Sensorimotor 0-2
Figural 2-5 Schematic 5-8 Rule 8-15 Systems Professional 15+ |
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What are the orders of Hargreaves compositional stages?
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Sensory
Manipulative Assimilation of cultural music Vernacular Idiomatic Enactive and reflective |
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what are bamberger's stages of rhythmic representation?
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rhythmic scribbles
early figural/metric drawings advanced figural representations |
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Davidson and Scripp's Developmental Typology goes like...
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Pictorial
Abstract patterning Rebus Text combination/elaboration |
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Music IN Therapy, examples
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Þ Stimulative & Sedative
Þ Management of Pain, Anxiety, Blood Pressure Þ Neonate - crying and weight gain Þ Neurologic Music Therapy - helping Parkinson¡¦s patients |
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Music AS therapy, examples...
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Þ Musical activities to modify behavior over time
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Three Explanations of music's prevalence in ads...
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Classical Conditioning
Involvement Fit |
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ELM, what does it stand for?
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Elaboration Likelihood Model
Þ Two routes to persuasion Þ Central - Consideration of relevant information Þ Effective with high involvement Þ Motivation and opportunity Þ Peripheral - association with +/- cues Þ Effective with low involvement |
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Who inserted errors that good readers
corrected |
Sloboda
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Focal dystonia:______
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loss of motor control
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In Drake and Palmer's Expert/Novice performance comparison, which group did not speed up tempo over time?
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The youngest group
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In Drake and Palmer's study, did skilled performers make more errors in pitch or timing?
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pitch
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In Drake and Palmer's study, as subjects improved relative timing, pitch errors increased. True or False
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True
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What are the 4 main ways of studying affective response?
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Þ Physiological Responses
Þ Self Report Þ Philosophical Þ Experimental Aesthetics |
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Who does the bipolar adjective scale?
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Hevner
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who did the quantitatively average study?
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Repp
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In Repp's 1st group, the average performance was rated what?
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2nd best
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In experiment 2 of Repp's, which group scored highest and what was surprising?
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Expert average scored highest.
surprisingly several student performances were near the top of the list. |
