Music In The 20Th Century

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Glissando:

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a rapid slide up or down a scale

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Polychord:

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placing one traditional chord against another, where two cords are heard at one time

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Fourth Chord:

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using the chordal structure not based on triads, in which the tones are a fourth apart instead of a third

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Tone Cluster:

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the extension of a chord made up of tones only a half step or a whole step apart

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Polytonality:

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an approach to pitch organization is the use of two or more keys at one time

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Bitonality:

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when only two different keys are used at once

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Atonality

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the absence of tonality or key
Developed by Arnold Shoenberg

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Polyrhythm:

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music that has two or more contrasting independent rhythms at the same time

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Ostinato:

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a motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch thruout a section

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Impressionism:

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stressing tone color, atmosphere and fluidity

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Pentatonic scale

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: five tone scales heard in Javanese music

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Whole tone scale

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an unusual and tonally vague scale made up of six different notes each a whole step away from the next, unlike the major and minor or whole tone scales

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Neoclassicism

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period between 1920 and 1959 marked by emotional restraint, balance and clarity

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Primitivism

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the deliberate evocation of primitive power through insistent rhythms and percussive sounds

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Expressionism:

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period between 1905 and 1925 centering in Germany and Austria that stressed intense subjective emotion, exploring inner feelings or communicating the tensions and anguish of the human psyche

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Tone color melody

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a succession of varying tone colors used as a musical idea in a composition

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Sprechstimme

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vocal style of performance half way between speaking and singing, speech voice

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Twelve tone system:

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new pitch path, gives equal importance to each of the twelve chromatic tones
Grew out of the need for a structured or unified idea

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Tone row / set, series

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an ordering of an idea so that in a twelve tone composition all pitches are derived from a special ordering of the twelve chromatic tones

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Vibraphone

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: a percussion instrument with tuned metal bars that produce a vibrator with motor functions

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Marimba

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: a large xylophone with resonators

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Bandoen

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: a square accordion used in tango bands operated solely with buttons

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Tango

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: a sensuous dance in quadruple meter a musical symbol of Argentina

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Microtone:

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intervals smaller than a half step

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Quotation music

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: an attempt to improve communication between composer and listener

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Minimalist music:

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a stead pulse clear tonality, insistent repetition of a melodic pattern

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Aelatory/chance music

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: where tones and pitches are chosen with objects other than instruments

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Serialism

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: using a series or ordered group of musical elements to organize several dimensions of a composition

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Claude debussy is a member of which movement

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french impressionism 1862- 1918

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prelude to the afternoon of a faun belongs to which compsoer

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debussy

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which composer is responsible for sails, from preludes for piano

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debussy

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maurice ravel is a contemporary of which french impressionist

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Claude Debussy

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Murice Ravel is a member of which movement

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french impressionism

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bolero belongs to which composer

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ravel

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what is so special about bolero

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reflects a fanscination with tone color, spanish music, and obsessive rhythmic repition

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neoclassicism fallows which other movement

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french impressionism 1920-50

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Igor Stravinsky is part of which movment

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neoclassicism

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the rite of spring depicts a primitive outlook of a pre literate society, who is its composer

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stravinsky

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expressionism is a period between what and what, depcting what and what

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a period between 1905 and 1925, depicting stressed intesnse subjective emotion

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Arnold Schoenberg is a member of which movement

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Expressionism

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atonaily was developed by which expressionist composer

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schoenberg

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the tweleve tone system could be best attributed to which composer

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schoenberg

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this composer wrote a dramatic cantata for male chorus and orchestra,

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what is survivor from warsaw and who is schoenberg

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alban berg is a member of which period.

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expressionism

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this expressionist composer created the opera Wozzeck, about a soldier driven to madness and murder

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alban berg

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who were the pupils of Schoenberg

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Alban berg and Anton Webern