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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
first public opera houses opened in _____
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Venice
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Baroque
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abnormal, exaggerated, in bad tast, Portuguese for misshapen pearl; basso continuo notation specified only melody and bass, realization
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affections
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emotional states of the soul; spirits or humors harbored emotion, music could balance these
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seconda pratica
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used by Monteverdi, msic served the text
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theorbo
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aka chitarrone, large lute with extra bass strings
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first pastoral drama staged
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Favola d'Orfeo (The Orpheus Legend)
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best known marigal
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L'Amfiparnaso (The slopes of Parnassus) by Vecchi
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intermedio
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musical interludes used before, after, and between acts of plays; usually 6 for each play
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Giralamo Mei
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believed all text was sung; Greek music consisted of a single melody
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The Florentine Camerata
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a group of scholars who met in Florence to discuss literature, science, and the arts
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Count Bardi
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the host of the Florentine Camerata
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monody
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accompanied vocal melodies
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Le nuove musice
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Caccini's collection of songs in monody and solo madrigals; introduction describes ornaments and their use
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Dafne
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poetry by Runuccini and music by Jacopo Peri
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longer than any previously staged musical play
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Rappresentatione di Anima et di Corpo (Representation of the Soul and Body)
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L'Euridice
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Peri, Runuccini, directed by Cavalieri
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recitative style
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basso continuo sustains a chords and play bass line while singer moves between pitches that are consonant and dissonant against it
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aria
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for singing strophic poetry; ritornello, or instrumental refrains, separate the strophes; lyrical monologue for a solo singer
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Monteverdi's first opera
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L'Orfeo
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strophic variation
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melody and duration of harmonies are varied to reflect text
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realization
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actual playing of figured bass, improvised performance
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concertato
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to reach agreement; combining voices with instruments
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concerted madrigal
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one or more voices with continuo
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sacred concerto
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sacred vocal work with instruments
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concerto grosso
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contrast between solo group and the complete group
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what kind of intonation did singers and violinists use? keyboards? fretted instruments?
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just intonation, mean-tone temperament, equal temperatment
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who developed a theory of harmony that replaced modal theory?
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Rameau
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cadenza
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elaborate passages decorating important cadences
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opera
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a drama with continuous or near-continuoussinging; staged, with costume, scenery, and action
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pastoral drama
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play in verse, interspersed with music and songs; stories of idyllic love in rural settings
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best-known madrigal
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L'Amfiparnaso (The Slopes of Parnassus) by Vecchi
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intermedio
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musical interludes before, after, and between acts of plays; usually 6 for each play
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stile concitato
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excited style, uses repeated notes to convey agitation
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considered Monteverdi's masterpiece because of expressiveness
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L'Incornazione di Poppea
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she was the highest paid musician employed by the grand duke of Tuscany
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Francesca Caccini
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center of opera development in the 1620s
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Rome
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most prolific librettist later known as Pope Clement IX
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Guilio Rospigliosi
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Sant' Alessio
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most famous Roman opera by Stefano Landi
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two-part instrumental sinfonias introduced to operas in Rome
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first part is a slow chordal section, second part is a lively imitative canzona
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castrato
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men castrated before puberty; sang treble parts in church because women not allowed to sing; in Rome women not permittted on stage
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Teatro San Cassiano
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first public opera house in Venice
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librettos
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the text for an opera
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impresario
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like a modern producer
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prima donna
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lead soprano in opera
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Anna Renzi
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a prima donna
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secular works in concertato style
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solo voice or small vocal ensemble with basso continuo
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concerted madrigals
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for voice with instrumental accompaniment
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basso ostinato
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persistent or obstinate bass, triple o compound meter, 2, 4, or 6 measures long; often features descending tetrachord
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chacona
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dance song with origins in Latin America, pattern of chords used as refrain
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cantata
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"a piece to be sung" secular composition on a lyrical or dramatic text, usually for solo voice with continuo, containing several sections of recitative and aria
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Venetian singer and composer that published more cantatas than any other composer of the time
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Barbara Strozzi
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France's air de cour
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court air; homophonic, strophic song, syllabic text setting
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stile antico
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old style
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Gradus ad Parnassu (Steps to Parnassus)
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treatise by Fux
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sacred concerto
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church incorporates opera to convey message
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chori spezzati
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divided choirs
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obligato
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these parts must be played
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small sacred concerto
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solo singer(s) with organ and one or two violins
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published first book of church music to use basso continuo
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Lodovico Viadana
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composed solo motets using monody
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Alessandro Grandi
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Musical Compositions (music in convents)
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written by Lecrezia Vizzana
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oratorio
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religious dramatic music incorporating narrative, dialogue, and commentary
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where did oratorio develop in the 17th century?
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Rome
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leading composer of Latin oratorios
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Giacomo Carissimi
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composed first German opera
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Heinrich Schutz
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Cantiones Sacrae (Sacred Songs)
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used madrigal like word painting
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Kleine geistliche Konzerte
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Schutz
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cadentiae duriusculae
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harsh cadential notes
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saltus durius
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harsh leap
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historia
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musical setting based on a biblical narrative, prominent Lutheran genre
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passions
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settings of the story of Jesus' crucifixion, most common type of historia
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cantillation
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primary form of Jewish musical worship, oral, imrpovisitory style
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first book of Jewish liturgical polyphonic music
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Hashirim asher lish 'lomo (The Songs of Solomon) by Salamone Rossi
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categorization of instrumental music by performing forces
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solo works, chamber works, large ensemble works
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categorizatoin of instrumental music by venue or social function
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church, chamber, theater
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types of improvisatory pieces through 1650
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toccatas, fantasias, preludes
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fugal or imitative pieces through 1650
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ricercares, fantasias, fancys, capriccios, fugues
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pieces w/ contrasting sections often in imitative counterpoint
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canzona or sonata
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settings of existing melodies
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organ verse or chorale prelude
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variation of melody through 1650
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variations, partitas
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variation of bass line through 1650
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partitas, chaconnes, passacaglias
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suites
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stylized dance movements paired together
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most important composer of toccata
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Giralamo Frescobaldi
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where did Frescobaldi work
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Rome to Florence to Rome
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Fiori musicali
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Musical Flowers, collection of 3 organ masses, by Frescobaldi
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organist at imperil court in Vienna, Frescobaldi's most famous student
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Johann Jacob Froberger
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ricercare
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"to search" serious composition for organ or harpsichord, using one subject or theme in continuously developed imitation
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fugue
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"flight" term in Germany for serious piece that treated one theme in continuous imitation
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fantasia
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imitative work on a larger scale than ricercare, for keyboard
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fancys
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English fantasias composed for consorts of violin
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canzona
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imitative piece in contrasting sections for keyboard or ensemble
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sonata
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piece for one or two melody instruments with continuo, idiomatic for instrumental capabilities
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variations
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known as partite, or divisions
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court ballet
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musical-dramatic work with several acts, staged with costumes and scenery
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Music of the Royal Chapel
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singers, organists
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Music of the Chamber
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string, harpsicord, and flute players or indoor entertainment
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Music of the Great Stable
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wind, brass, and timpani for military and outdoor music
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Vingt-quatre Violons du Roi
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Twenty Four Violins of the King; first large ensemble of the violin family
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Petits Violons
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Small Violin Ensemble; for Louis' personal use
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comedies-ballets
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blended ballet and opera; Lully and Moliere
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Tragedie en musique to tragedie lyrique
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French version of the opera, tragedy in music
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Lully's playwright/librettist
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Jean-Philippe Quinault
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French overture
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"opening" first section is slow and stately, second is faster
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divertissments
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unrelated material at the center or end of every act, ballet and choruses
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recitatif simple
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simple recitative, followd contours of spoken French
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recitatif mesure
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measured recitative; more deliberate motion
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air
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song with continuo accompaniments, rythmic text and regular phrasing
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note inegales
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eight notes with a lilt similar to dotted rhythms
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overdotting
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performing a dotted note longer than its notated value and shortening the following note
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agrements
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brief ornamentations
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petit motet
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small motet; sacred concerto for few voices with continuo
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grand motet
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large motet: multisection works
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introduced oratorio to France
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Charpentier
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leading composer of lute music
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Denis Gaultier
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table of agrements from harpichord treatise of 1689 by ____
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D'Anglebert's
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stlye lute (lute style) or style brise (broken style)
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lute players' habit of breaking up melodies picked up by harpsichord composers
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binary form
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two roughly equal sections, each repeated
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preludes
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unmeasured, improvisitory style
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allemande
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french for "german" moderately fast, 4/4 meter, continuous movement in style luthe with frequent agrements
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courante
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"running or flowing" based on dignified dance step; triple or compound meter
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sarabande
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originally a fast Mexican dance; stylized French version is slow; triple meter, emphasis on second beat
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gigue
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fast temp, compound meter, continuous triplets
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rondeau
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refrain form with contrasting period paried in couplets
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gavotte
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duple-ter dance starting with a half measure upbeat
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minuet
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triple meter couples dance
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