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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Form
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How the pieces of the different parts of a song are put together in an organized way
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genre
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determined by style and function/purpose.
ex- symphony, opera, concerto, quartet |
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Divine office
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set up into 8 parts or services (mass is the largest)
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plainchant
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a monotone song with no set rhythm; called Gregorian chants when Pope Gregory the 1st created a system of wiriting them down
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plainchant sequence
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consist of a number of tunes sung twice with one extra unit at the end (A,A,B,B,C,C,D)
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minnesinger
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German, noble court composers
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organum
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the earliest type of polyphony, consists of a traditional plainchant melody to which a composer-singer-improvisor has added another melody, or counterpoint, sung simultaneously to the same words
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ars antiqua
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when "ars nova" or "new art" started arriving, everything else was called "ars antiqua" or "ancient art." (music of the Notre Dame School= ars antiqua) simpler rhythms
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elements of form
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1) rhythm
2) Melody 3) Tonality 4) Dynamics 5) Tone Color 6) Texture (how many instruments, who has melody, etc) |
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Musical Style
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found in eras, the combination of qualities that make it distinctive. mirrors the lifestyles of the artists,
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minstrel
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poet/composer
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antiphon
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short introduction leading into hymns and psalms
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troubador
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south of france noble poet-composers, allowed women
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estampie
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one-line pieces in which the same of similar musical phrases are repeated many times in varied forms, used in court circles and written by trouveres. Rhythms are lively and inconsistant in triple or compound meter.
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motet
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a type of polyphony based on the gregorian chant and slowly breaking away form the sacred texts.
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isorhythm
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a technique of writing successive lengthy passages in identical rhythms but with distinct melodies
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function of form
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to create a specific "m.o." or sound that the listener can hook on to and recognize subconciously
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jongleurs
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popular musicians of the time that wrote the music to many troubadors and trouveres lyrics. many times improvised simple polyphony
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modes
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I C major Ionian (sounds major)
ii D major Dorian (played as a d natural minor except raised ^6) iii E Major Phrygian (e natural minor with a lowered ^2) IV F Lydian (major scale with a raised ^4) V G Mixolydian (major sounding with a lowered ^7) vi A Aeolian natural minor scale vii 0 B Leonian (natural minor with a lowered ^2 and ^5) |
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trouvere
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noble poet-composers of the north
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polyphony
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the simultaneous combination of two or more melodies
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ars nova
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after 1300, composers and theorists started calling music with more sophisticated polyphony "new art" (ars nova) and everything else "ars antiqua" (ancient art)
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hocket
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a musical device used in isorhymthmic repititions. short, quick "hiccups"
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Pope Gregory I
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First to figure out a system of writing down plainchants, he assembled and standardized the plainchants
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Hildegard of Bingen
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An abbess from Germany. Emporers sought her counsel for religious and medical matters, and compiled the Gregorian chants, She also composed plainchants in her own stule to go with poems that she wrote.
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Leolin
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the teacher of perotin. writers of music
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Perotin
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"the great" who wrote "allelujah:Nativitas" and added the third and fouth voices.
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Philippe de Vitry
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composer of the "ars nova"
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Guillaume de Machaut
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composer, french, poet. wrote motet on a repeated fragment of the plainchant. used ISORHYTHMS
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two factors that create musical form
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repetition and contrast
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