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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Form
How the pieces of the different parts of a song are put together in an organized way
genre
determined by style and function/purpose.
ex- symphony, opera, concerto, quartet
Divine office
set up into 8 parts or services (mass is the largest)
plainchant
a monotone song with no set rhythm; called Gregorian chants when Pope Gregory the 1st created a system of wiriting them down
plainchant sequence
consist of a number of tunes sung twice with one extra unit at the end (A,A,B,B,C,C,D)
minnesinger
German, noble court composers
organum
the earliest type of polyphony, consists of a traditional plainchant melody to which a composer-singer-improvisor has added another melody, or counterpoint, sung simultaneously to the same words
ars antiqua
when "ars nova" or "new art" started arriving, everything else was called "ars antiqua" or "ancient art." (music of the Notre Dame School= ars antiqua) simpler rhythms
elements of form
1) rhythm
2) Melody
3) Tonality
4) Dynamics
5) Tone Color
6) Texture (how many instruments, who has melody, etc)
Musical Style
found in eras, the combination of qualities that make it distinctive. mirrors the lifestyles of the artists,
minstrel
poet/composer
antiphon
short introduction leading into hymns and psalms
troubador
south of france noble poet-composers, allowed women
estampie
one-line pieces in which the same of similar musical phrases are repeated many times in varied forms, used in court circles and written by trouveres. Rhythms are lively and inconsistant in triple or compound meter.
motet
a type of polyphony based on the gregorian chant and slowly breaking away form the sacred texts.
isorhythm
a technique of writing successive lengthy passages in identical rhythms but with distinct melodies
function of form
to create a specific "m.o." or sound that the listener can hook on to and recognize subconciously
jongleurs
popular musicians of the time that wrote the music to many troubadors and trouveres lyrics. many times improvised simple polyphony
modes
I C major Ionian (sounds major)
ii D major Dorian (played as a d natural minor except raised ^6)
iii E Major Phrygian (e natural minor with a lowered ^2)
IV F Lydian (major scale with a raised ^4)
V G Mixolydian (major sounding with a lowered ^7)
vi A Aeolian natural minor scale
vii 0 B Leonian (natural minor with a lowered ^2 and ^5)
trouvere
noble poet-composers of the north
polyphony
the simultaneous combination of two or more melodies
ars nova
after 1300, composers and theorists started calling music with more sophisticated polyphony "new art" (ars nova) and everything else "ars antiqua" (ancient art)
hocket
a musical device used in isorhymthmic repititions. short, quick "hiccups"
Pope Gregory I
First to figure out a system of writing down plainchants, he assembled and standardized the plainchants
Hildegard of Bingen
An abbess from Germany. Emporers sought her counsel for religious and medical matters, and compiled the Gregorian chants, She also composed plainchants in her own stule to go with poems that she wrote.
Leolin
the teacher of perotin. writers of music
Perotin
"the great" who wrote "allelujah:Nativitas" and added the third and fouth voices.
Philippe de Vitry
composer of the "ars nova"
Guillaume de Machaut
composer, french, poet. wrote motet on a repeated fragment of the plainchant. used ISORHYTHMS
two factors that create musical form
repetition and contrast