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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In what year was the Paris Conservatory founded?
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1795
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What is the importance of this institution? Paris Conservatory?
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It became the model for national and regional conservatories throughout Europe
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Who was Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827)?
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He was a German composer
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Where was Beethoven born?
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In Bonn, Germany
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In what year did Beethoven take up residence in Vienna?
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1792
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Who were his teachers in Vienna?
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Haydn and Johann Georg Albrechtsberger
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What physical condition led to a crisis around 1802?
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Lost his hearing
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How many symphonies did Beethoven compose?
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9
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How many concertos?
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6 (5 piano and 1 violin)
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How many string quartets?
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16
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How many violin sonatas and violoncello sonatas?
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15 (10 violin and 5 cello)
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How many piano sonatas?
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32
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How many operas?
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1
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How many Masses?
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1
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Into what chronological periods are Beethoven’s works customarily grouped?
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In three periods. The first is from 1770 to 1802 1802-1814 1815-1827
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For what medium did Beethoven compose a large number of works during the first period?
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Piano works. Sonatas, variations, and shorter works
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What group of string quartets did Beethoven compose in the first period?
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Opus 18 are his first 6 string quartets
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What is one of the reasons why Beethoven wrote so much less music than his predecessors?
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He wasn’t enlisted to anybody. Thus he can write what he wanted to rather than what was assigned to him.
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Which composers’ music was the foundation of Beethoven’s works of the second period?
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Mozart and Haydn
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In which ways did Beethoven’s works of the second period depart from those of his predecessors?
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The way he forms his music is expanded in length
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Which of Beethoven’s works is the first one to fully exemplify his new approach in the middle period?
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Symphony No. 3
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What aspects of Beethoven’s Eroica Symphony made it difficult for some audience members to grasp at the first public performance of the work in 1805?
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It was lengthy and complex
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What is the title of Beethoven’s only opera?
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Fidelio
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What French elements did Beethoven adopt in the opera?
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He borrowed the librettos
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For what play did Beethoven write incidental music of special significance?
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Leonore
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In which two concertos did Beethoven greatly expand the music’s expressive range and dimensions?
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Piano Concerto No. 5 and Violin Concerto in D Major
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Why is Beethoven’s Sixth Symphony called the Pastoral?
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It depicts life in the country
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How many movements does this symphony have?
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5
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Which two compositions of Beethoven were the only “large public works” of the late period?
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Missa solemnis and the 9th symphony
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How many piano sonatas and how many string quartets did Beethoven compose in the late period?
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5 of each 10 total
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Which important set of variations for piano did Beethoven compose in the late period?
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Diabelli Variations
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What direction did Beethoven’s music take in his late period moving away from “the urgent sense of communication to a large public” noticeable in his earlier music?
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It went towards more introspective character and the musical language was more concentrated
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In which ways is Beethoven’s “emphasis on continuity” expressed in his late style?
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Blurring divisions between phrases or placing cadences on weak beats
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What type of work did Beethoven’s An die ferne Geliebte inaugurate?
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Song cycle, this work were songs performed in succession that tell or suggest a story.
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What role did imitative counterpoint play in Beethoven’s late works?
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It is a frequent characteristic of his music
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In what way does Beethoven’s Missa solemnis contrast with a Handel oratorio?
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There were no breaks between movements. It was all one piece
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What innovation did Beethoven introduce in his Ninth Symphony?
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Solo voices and chorus in the finale
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In which ways did Beethoven’s role as a composer differ from that of earlier composers?
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He was self employed and his music was self expression
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