Music History

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Band of David

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Characters that Schumann used to Dialogue about Music in his music
journal
Characters that Schumann used to Dialogue about Music in his music
journal

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Character Piece

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Piece for solo piano that explores one mood

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Dies Irae

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Associated with the Fantastic Symphony, it is the mass for the Dead that was used as a repeating theme

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Gesamtkunstwerk

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Wagner, it means complete art work, he used it to describe his works

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Idee Fixe

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Berlioz, it was a fixed repeating melody line (represented the lover)

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Impressionism

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trying to represent things in the real world, was a response to visual impressionism, and embodies many of the same aspects, it was embodied by Debussy

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Leitmotiv

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Wagner, it was a repeating theme that signifies a certain character, object, etc.

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Music Drama

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Wagner, it was what he called his later operas

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Musical Nationalism

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The use of ones culture in the way they write their music

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Neoclassicism

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return of the forms and styles of the 18th century

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Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik

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Schumann’s music journal

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Orchestral song cycle

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a song cycle accompanied by orchestra, not piano

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Programmatic Music

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Music that has a defined story

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Tone Poem

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– Sam e as a symphonic poem, it was preformed by an orchestra, in a single movement, and was programmatic

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Atonality

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No tonal center

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Plaining

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Parallel Complex Harmonies

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Chance Music

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Music that leaves a significant part of the composition up to the performer’s choice

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Dodecaphonic Technique

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Using all 12 chromatic notes in a row when composing music, it was part of Serialism, it was designed to ensure atonality

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Expressionism

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Music that uses art to express reality, shows the darker side of the human condition

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Minimalism

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Music that repeats itself and has very little variation. It takes a very long time for it to go anywhere.

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Musique Concrete

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Music that is made from everyday sounds that are manipulated electronically

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Octatonic Scale

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A scale made up entirely of alternating whole and half steps, it creates diminished chords

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Second Viennese School

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The second major group of composers that lived in Vienna at some point in their life, it was made up of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern

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Tone Row

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a series of all 12 chromatic notes in a row with no repeated notes. It is the basis for serialistic composing

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Chamber Music

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A type of music that is preformed by a small group of musicians, got its name because it was often preformed in wealthy homes

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Character piece

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a short piece for piano that explores one mood

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Church cantata

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Piece of music written for church, based on the text of the week, it was sung or played by the church choir or orchestra

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Concertino

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the small group of soloists that played in a concerto grosso

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Concerto

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piece of music for a soloist and orchestra

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Concerto grosso

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a piece of music for a small group of soloists and orchestra

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Development

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Part of a sonata in which the 2 themes are modulated and then are stated together

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Exposition

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Part of the sonata in which the two themes are introduced

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Recapitulation

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Part of a sonata in which the conflict is resolved, the two themes are stated in the same key

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Fugue

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– a piece of music that was usually written in one movement, it consisted of a common subject that was played in three different voices

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Lied

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– a piece of music in german (lied means “song” in german) that told a story

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Minuet

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piece of music that is often times in ¾ and is often times very upbeat, and is based on a dance, also the third movement in a classic symphony

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Oratorio

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A piece of music that is based on sacred text, it was like an opera, but was meant to be preformed in a church, and wasn’t nearly as flashy

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Piano trio

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– a trio of piano, cello, and violin

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Ripieno

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the main orchestral part of a concerto grosso

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Ritornello form

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when a soloist and orchestra take turns playing contrasting episodes. It was common in 5 part and 7 part

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Song cycle

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– a group of short songs that share a common theme, and are meant to be played together

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Subject

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the theme of a fugue

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String quartet

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a quartet consisting of 2 violins, a viola, and a cello

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Cantus Firmus mass

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a mass in which the same borrowed melody is used in each movement

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Troubadours

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– Southern france. They were professional song writers and performers (I believe they were secular)

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Trouvers

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Northern France, same thing as troubadours

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Recicitive

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Opera, it was the “spoken” or dialogue part (was spoke-sung)

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Medieval Motet

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Slow lower voice, faster upper voice

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Renaissance Motet

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work that uses sacred text that is part of the mass, (I think it was also a work with sacred text as the bass line, and secular text as the melody)

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Tonality

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The presence of a single most important note in a composition

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Modulation

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Change in a tonal center over time

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Aria

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sung part of an opera….usually was what a character was thinking or feeling, and commented on the main plot

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Simple meter

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meter that can be divided into equal sections that are multiples of 2 (4/4, 8/8, ¾ (exception), 2/2, etc), also, not grouped into multiple groups of three

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Adagio

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Slow piece of music

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Organum

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first forms of polyphony, had a slow lower voice, and a faster upper voice (also was french secular music over a religious lower, slower line)

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Polyphany

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2 or more melody lines sounding at the same time

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Homophany

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– polyphony that has only one important melody

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Compound meter

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meter in which the beats are grouped into multiple groups of 3 (6/8, 12/8, etc)

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A tempo

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return to original tem,po

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Consonance

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– a chord “at rest”, no dissonance, sounds “complete”

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Texture

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The relationship of the “components” of music to eachother

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Motif –

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distinct fragment of melody

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Opera

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A preformed piece with a plot, was mostly sung

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Presto

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– A fast piece of music

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Monophonic

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A single melody line constructed in phrases

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Amplitude

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The volume of the music being played

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Basso continuo

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a single repeating bass line used throughout the piece (think baroque)