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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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15th Century Motet
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referred now to secular pieces, broader meaning
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15th Century Isorhythmic motets
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still mantained a conservative form
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15th Century
Social Climate |
cosmopolitan style
Dukes of Burgandy |
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Composers of the 15th Century
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Dunstable, Dufay, Binchois
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What four priciple types of compositions were produced in the Burgundian Period?
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Masses, Magnificats, motets, and secular chansons on French texts
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Style of Burgundian Music
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fauzgourdon, melodic freedeom, lyric lines, same tessituras (shared between pairs), principle melody in discantus
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Preferred cadence of Burgundian
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Double leading tone cadence
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Burgundian Chanson
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any polyphonic setting of a French secular poem.
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What genre should you think of when you say Binchois
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The chanson--especially rondeah
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Burgundian Motets
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At first no distinct style emerged; both motets and masses were written like the Chanson. A freely melodic treble held sway, supported by a tenor and contratenor in the usual three-voice texture.
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English discant
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(two-part, contrary-motion counterpoint favouring the imperfect consonances, namely 3rds and 6ths
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Faburden
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The plainchant was thought of as the mean or middle voice, from which the other two parts were derived, although of course the chant was also present in the treble, which doubled it at the upper 4th while the bottom part sang 5ths or 3rds beneath it. The singers apparently declaimed the words simultaneously in the normal rhythm of plainchant
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Gymel
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A 15th- and 16th-century English term denoting the counterpoint that results from the temporary splitting of one voice part in a polyphonic composition into two voices of equal range.
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Johannes Tinctoris
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Liber de arte contrapuncti, 1477
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COuncil of Constance
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1414-1418
1. ended great schism 2. Big english contigency 3. bishops travelled with their singers 4. English took Ars Nova style back to England |
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What caused English Music to influence continental music?
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1. council of constance
2. Later Continental mannscripts 3. English occupation of France ---John Dunstable was there 4. Council of Basel |
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Important witnesses of period of English influence
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1. Martin le Franc
2. Tinctoris |
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What was main motivation to unify 5 movements of cyclic mass?
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-not intrinsically musical like romantic symphony
-commissions -political extramusicological purposes |
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Caput mass
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1. early
2. Maundy Thursday 3. Story of Mary crushing devils head under her foot 4. congruent with personal sanctity of the fait- repair philosophy 5. |
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Who wrote caput mass
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Anon, Ockeghem, Obrecht
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When does the church militant philosophy begin
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1453- Turkish overtake COnstinople and make it a Muslim city
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L'homme arme
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church militant
jesus as general enrolling composers mass defined by melodic lines; cantus firmus echoed in diminution twoards the end of the piece as in isorhythmic motet |
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Dufay Mass
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-4 voice susually
-compositional method -Cantus firmus always in complete statements (not ars noval iso frags) |
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Ockeghem
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-grealy admired by younger generation
-wrote few works |
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Compositional method
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1. tenor written first
2. Cantus written to be in counterpoint with tenor 3. bassus and aluts written last |
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Ockeghem compositions
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Missa Cuiusvis toni
Missa prolationum-2 voices listed-other two voices derived by the instructions of the canon |
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3 main categories of cyclic Renaissance mass
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(1) the cantus firmus mass, (2) the imitation mass, also known as the parody mass, and (3) the mass on a monophonic tune, distributed through all the voices by means of fuga
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5 categories of Josquin des Prez mass
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Cantus firmus mass are the best fit
1. cantus firmus mass 2. imitation mass (parody) 3. the mass based on fuga upon a monophonic tune 4. Canonic mass 5. masses on short motives |
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How is Josquin' parody mass different from the parody masses of Gombert, Willaert, Clement, Morales, Lassus, Palestrina, and Victoria
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Te make spaing use of the aggregae polyphony; most of the time they use the voices of the polyphonic model one at a time. WHen the do, those quoted voices have the look of cantus firmi.
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Concept of Simultanious Composition of Masses
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1. Pietro Aaron- (said josquin composed voices simultaneiously)
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Describe successive sompositional technique (when and who)
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Ars Nova
1) write out full tenor 2) write out bassus 3) Parts seperated by function 4. Machaut and Dufay |
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Describe Simultanious composition
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1. started with a motive in several voices (immitative polyphony)
2. attention to vertical poperties 3. equal rhythmic density 4. equal motivic interest 5. not distinguished by function 6. points of imitation |
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Points of immitation
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uniform
paired |
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uniform imitation
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section devoted to a single motive
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paired imitation
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two voices sing point of imitation, next two sing
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Josquin's compositional style
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1. Uniform imitation
2. paired imitation 3. full homophony 4. homophonic pairs 5. trios of both types 6. various combinations of imitative and free writing |
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Effect of Josquin's compositional style
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create great contrast in texture--generally sounds thinner, lighter, airy
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Who are the composers of the psot Josquin generation
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1. Willaert
2. Gombert 3. Clemens non Papa |
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Differences in texture between Post Josquin composers and josquin
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pervading imitation-- unvaried in texture vs lots of variation (josquin)
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3 Features of Cantus Firmus mass
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a) associated with specific CF chant
b) CF is distinctly placed in the tenor voice only c) Echos of Isorhythm, cf goes through constant diminution |
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How does isorhythm aspects of Cantus firmus mass differ from isorhythm techniques of ars nova motets
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full CF is quoted in true rhythm
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4 characteristics of Parody mass
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1. based on polyphonic mass
2. opening sections and cadences are imitative of the model 3. cmposition borrows subjects, motives, and harmonies (polyphonic nature) 4. differs from original in texture |
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Technique of imitation in Fuga upon a monophonic chant
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1. technique of imitation ata various pitch levels (like fugue)
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What type of mass is Missa Pange Lingua by Josquin?
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imitation in Fuga upon a monophonic theme
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What kind of mass is Missa Hercules
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cantus firmus
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What kind of mass is fissa faisant regretz
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motivic saturation
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Josquin's compositional traits
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1. motivic saturation
2. daring repetitiveness 3. developing variation-- small motive changes gradually thoguh each iteration 4. light or partial scoring 5. sullabic setting on same pitch 6. root position homophony |
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order of polyphonic compositions
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organum
clausula conductus motet franconian motet petronian motet isorhymic motets secular works -ballade -virelais -rondeau cyclic mass |
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11th composers
theortists |
Guido, micrologus
Winchester Troper Ad organum faciendum |
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12th C
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Leonin
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13th
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Perotin
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14th
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De Vitry
Bologna Machaut Landini |
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15th
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Power
Dunstable Ockeghem Des PRez Obrecht |
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16th
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Teverner
Gombert Willaert Arcadelt Clemens non Papa Palestrina Victoria |
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Who is the most important composer of French chanson
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Machaut
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What are the forms of chanson? And the forms are grouped under what title
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Formes Fixes
Rondeau Ballade Virelai |
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What is the form of Rondeau
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ABaAabAB
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What is the form of Ballade
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Strophic form
aab(C) |
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What is the form of Virelai?
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Abba Abba AbbaA
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True or falso? Virelai is derived from old dance form
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true
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Did Machaut compose successively or simultaniously
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successively
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Why would it make sense that Machaut would compose successively in his Chansons
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because the main melodic interest lies in the Cantus
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Similarities between Machaut Chansons and Isorhythmic motets
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1. recurrent rhythmic figures causing segmentation
2. Does not follow 5th Species counterpoint (tinctorus and variation) |
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What composer cultivated formes fixes
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Dufay
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But which of the formes fixes did Dufay not write
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Virelai
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