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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medieval Era dates
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500-1400
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Renaissance Era dates
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1400-1600
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Baroque Era dates
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1600-1760
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Classical Era dates
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1750-1830
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Romantic Era dates
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1815-1910
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Which era? Monteverdi, Palestrina, Dufay, Tallis & Byrd
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Medieval
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Which era? Bach, Vivaldi, Handel
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Baroque
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Which era? Mozart, Schubert, Haydn, Beethoven
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Classical
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Which era? Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn, Dvorak, Mahler, Grieg, Rachmaninov
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Romantic
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Tone colour (timbre)
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the thing that makes one sound different from another
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syncopation
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accent on the second beat
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adagio
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slowest
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andante
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steady, slow
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moderato
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moderate pace
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allegro
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cheerful, moving along
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presto
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fast
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diatonic scale
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major scale: w w h w w w h
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melody
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organized series of pitches
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tune
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simple melody
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phrase
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divisions of the tune
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parallelism
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same notes, different phrases -or- same rhythm, different notes
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sequence
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duplication of a phrase at 2 or more pitches
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form
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the structure of a piece ie: beginning, middle, end
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contrast
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differences in phrases
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motive
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distinctive melody fragments
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theme
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topic, or, the function, not nature of musical material
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harmony
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melody + accompaniment
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texture
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the blend of various sounds and melodic lines occurring simultaneously
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monophony
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1 voice
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heterophony
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subtly different versions of the same melody played at the same time
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homophony
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1 melody of interest combined with other sounds
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polyphony
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2 or more independent melodies
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imitative polyphony
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a round
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tonality
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the homing instinct in music
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modality
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different ways of organizing the diatonic scale
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style
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the combination of qualities that make the piece or era distinctive
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Who was the main influence in early music?
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the church
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Who were the popular musicians of early music?
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minstrels & jongleurs
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plainchant
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a repertory of melodies designed for the many religious texts to be sung at services throughout the year`
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2 plainchant characteristics (texture and meter)
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homophonic, nonmetrical
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name the medieval modes (4)
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dorian (d), phrygian (e), lydian (f), mixolydian (g)
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gregorian recitation
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sung on same tone, but phrased.
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antiphon
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style of plainchant - responsory to text.
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sequnce (plainchant)
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a series of short tunes sung twice with the same variation and an extra unit on the end: AA'BB'CC'N
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hymn
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style of plainchant
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court musicians (not popular) (3)
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troubadour (N. France), trouvère (S. France), minnesingers (Germany)
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Who wrote court music?
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poets
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strophic form
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A A A
a a' b a a' b a a' b all troubadour songs written in strophic form |
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organum
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traditional plainchant melody to which another melody in counterpoint has been added
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melisma
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passages of pure vocalism with many notes in a single syllable
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motet
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developing polyphony: upper notes have own words while lower stay traditional plainchant
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ars antiqua
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organa and motets
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ars nova
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(1300) more secular, intricate, and covoluted; fixated on rhythm
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isorhythm
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writing successive lengthy passages in identical rhythms but with distinct melodies
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hocket
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fast echoes between soprano and alto
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Renaissance: new sensitivity to _____ & _______.
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sonority; melody
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chansons
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renaissance: modest and gentle, mostly polyphonic and secular
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mass
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main occasion for music to be written - 40 consecutive minutes or so
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high renaissance
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1500s, imitative counterpoint, homophony, focused on expression
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declamation
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words sung to rhythm and melodies, approximating speech
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word painting
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musical illustration
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16th century motet
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short composition to Latin words made up of short sections in homophony and imitative polyphony
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madrigal
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shot composition set to a 1-stanza poem with a rapid turnover of ideas and images
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Baroque attitudes on madrigalists (2)
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1) extreme word painting, recalculation of former taboos
2) rejection of word painting, many voices cannot convey emotion |
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key word: baroque era
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extravagance!
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