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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Romanticism |
1820-1900 -expressive - |
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Exoticism |
1880-1920 -draws sounds outside of western music ex. Ravel's Bolero |
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Nationalism |
-ethnic awakening, pride, uniting |
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Impressionism |
1880-1920 -arose in France -impressionists were the first to reject photographic realism in painting ex. painting of girl with umbrella ***Debussy**** |
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Modernism |
1900-present (20th century) -opposite of romanticism -composers didn't create music that pleased everyone -why? outbreak of ww1 -violent world at the time |
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Postmodernism |
1945-present -why? after ww2 -doesn't differentiate between high and low art |
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Minimalism |
-repetition of short motive |
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Russian Revolution |
-began in 1917 -modernism -russian composers were constricted by it (stalin) |
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absolute music |
symphonies, sonatas, quartets... without extra musical or programmatic events. *only instrumental |
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art song |
(Romantic Era) -borrowed poems and turns them into songs *solo voice and piano |
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atonal |
(Modern) -no tonal center -chromatic dissonance, new chords (9th, 11th), tone clusters |
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bel canto |
(Romantic) -beautiful singing -type of italian opera that features the beautiful tone and brilliant technique of the human voice. |
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chance music |
(postmodern) -music that involves an element of chance ex. pennies dropped on table |
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character piece |
(romantic) a brief instrumental work seeking to capture a single mood *piano |
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collage art |
(modern) -art made up of materials taken from very different places **Ives |
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double stops |
-playing 2 notes simultaneously -string instruments
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electronic music |
(postmodern) **Varese |
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etude |
(romantic) -a short, one-movement composition designed to improve one or more aspects of a performer's technique. |
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nocturne |
-played by piano -genre -intended to convey the mysteries of the night |
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parallel motion |
-when music moves in the same direction at the same times |
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pentatonic scale |
uses only 5 notes instead of the usual western scale of 7 |
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polychords |
simultaneous sounding of 2 or more chords |
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polytonality |
(modern) -many tones **Ives |
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prepared piano |
(postmodern) -a piano with screws, bolts, washers, erasers to transform the instrument from a melodic one to a percussive one **John Cage |
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Program music |
(romantic) -instrumental music that seeks to re-create in sound the events & emotions portrayed in some extra-musical source. ex. "symphony fantastique" by Berlioz |
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quarter-tone music |
(modern) -half of a half step |
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realistic opera |
(romantic) -a general term for those operas that deal with everyday, gritty subjects |
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sprechstimme |
(modern) -a vocal technique that requires the vocalist to declaim the test more than to sing it ("x") *Invented by Shoenberg |
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synthesizer |
electronic musical instrument |
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tone clusters |
(modern) sounds like someone sat on a piano |
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12-tone music |
(modern) all of the notes in the chromatic scale plus all the sharps and flats |
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whole-tone |
6 note scale where each pitch is a whole tone away from the next |
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Berlioz |
-romantic -"symphony fantastique" -music critic -arrogant |
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Brahms |
-romantic -absolute music |
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Chopin |
-romantic -piano music |
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Dvorak |
-romantic -naturalistic composer -czech -became director of the national conservatory of music in NYC |
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Puccini |
-romantic -verismo opera (realistic opera) -"La boheme" |
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Schumann |
-romantic -robert and clara -art songs -clara was robert's piano teacher's daughter -"You Ring on My Finger" |
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Tchaikovsky |
-romantic -"The Nutcracker" -"Swan Lake" -tone poem of "Romeo and Juliet" |
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Wagner |
-romantic -German -music drama (operas) -Leitmotif (motif) |
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Debussy |
-Impressionism -"Prelude to the afternoon of a faun" - |
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Schoenberg |
-modern -second viennese school w/ Berg and Webern -invented sprechstimme -created atonal music -"Pierrot Lunaire" -expressionist |
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Stravinsky |
-ballet russe -modern |
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Shostakovich |
-russian modern composer -"cat and mouse" with Stalin |
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Copland |
-american composer -modern -early jazz -americana |
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Ives |
-American composer -modern -politonality -quarter-tone music -collage art |
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Adams |
-American composer -postmodern -minimalism |
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Cage |
-American Composer -postmodern -prepared piano -chance music -4'33" |
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Varese |
-American composer -postmodern -electronic music -synthesizer |
