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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sacred music
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music used in the church
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Pope Gregory I
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(540-604)when music started becoming organized, this guy got the credit- he wanted sacred text to be made into music
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plain chant
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what we got when sacred music was turned into music - usually sung in Latin
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monophonic
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only one line of melody
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melismas
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multiple notes on one syllable i.e. "Gloria"
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church modes use major or minors?
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major and minors are not used
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ionian
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modern day major
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dorian
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start on D - and go to DEFGABCD
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phrygian
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E to E
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Mixolydian
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G to G
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Aeolian
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natural minor A to A
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Locrian
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B to B
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Gianchino Rossino (1792-1868)
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known best for his italian operas,
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italian operas
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are like sitcoms, real people with everyday lives, but with exaggerations
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overture
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orchestral introduction
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bel canto style
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beautiful singing
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aria
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the solo vocal featured within the opera
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What song is Gianchino best known for?
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the barber of seville, and largo al factotum
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Name two of Giuseppie Verdis operas
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la traviata, and Aida
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Richard Wagner was best known for what?
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Gesamtkunstwerk - which means, a complete work
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Wagner wrote the ring cycle. also known as?
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The ring cycle, which was about 14 hours long. "Das Reingold"
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Beyreuth
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a theatre where Wagner's operas were performed.
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What late romantic composer really geared towards melody?
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Piotr Ilyick Tchaikovsky
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What songs is Tchiakovsky best known for?
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Romeo and Juliet fantasy, Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy, and Symphony #4
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What insturments were used in the romantic era?
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Woodwinds and pizzacato
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What instruments were used during the baroque and classical eras?
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strings.
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Johannes Brahms best known for what 3 songs?
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Hungarian Dance No.5, Symphony #4, Ein Deutches Requiem
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Who was Gustav Mahler influenced by? what country was he from
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Beethoven and Bach, Australia
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He conducted for the NY Philharmonic for a while
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Gustav Mahler
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What three songs was Gustav Mahler known for?
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Das Lied von Erde "Songs of the Earth,Symphony #2 and Symphony #8
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What country was Richard Strauss from
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He was from German. Hitlers personal composer.
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Tone Poems
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orchestral piece that tells a story without words
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What songs were Richard Strauss best known for?
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Sprach Zarasthustra, Ein Heldenleben
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Secular Music
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music used for entertainment, used poetry which was made to be sung, was made in all different languages
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Truobador
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south france
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Trouveres
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North France
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Minnesingers
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they are secular musicians usually singing about love
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Guido D'Arrezo
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first musical theorist, first person to realize you need staffs,instructor of plainchant
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solmization
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syllable to designate note (i.e. do to do or in other words C to C)
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Guidonian Hand
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each joint in the hand represented a syllable. D'arrezo would point to joint in the hand and they would know what to sing.
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Polyphony
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two or more melodic lines being sung at the same time. to remove sin
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Chorales
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German hymns for congregational setting.
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Giovanni Pierlulgi Da Palestrina
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major composer of the count reformation - he wrote more accessible to the common people.
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Madrigals
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secular musical settings of poetic stanza the use of text painting
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Giovanni Gabrielli
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instrumental musician of the time
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Antiphonal
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multiple intruments
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Sonata Plan e Forte
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soft and loud are designated and specified what instrument will play what
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Organum
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chant that has plainchant as bottom voice, which means principle voice.
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counterpoint
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note against note-writing
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leonin and perotin
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they were french and wrote organum for the Notre Dame in Paris
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Motet
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used plainchant called tenor, and had multiple text, 4 different stories
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Ars Antiqua
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school of organum
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Ars Nova
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rhythm and meter became more complex, new way of approaching music composition
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Gullaume De Machaut
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wrote mostly secular music - first to write below tenor
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Le Messe De Nostre Dame
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Machaut's most famous piece- the longest medieval composition
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5 ordinary - roman catholic liturgical songs
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kyrie, credo, agnus dei, gloria, sanctus
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the proper roman catholic songs
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introit, gradual, then allelujah ( would represent seasons, days, etc.)
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Imitation
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singing came theme not at the same time. (i.e. row, row row your boat)
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word painting
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music imitates the lyrics (for example talking about something fast - so they sing fast)
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Baroque era was like this
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more frilly-
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Musical Acheievements of the baroque and classical era..(name 3)
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organs and harpsichords, bass voice, major and minor, functional harmony, defined meter, terraced dynamics,
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the baroque orchestra's size
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much smaller, typically a full string section --
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Opera
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vocal work that is staged with orchestral accompaniement.
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Oratorio
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an opera that is religious in nature, but not using liturgical text
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Opera Seria
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Serious opera
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aria
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a solo vocal feature- in a n operal , mostly female, high voiced
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multi-movement
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for example, suites
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suites
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a section of a collection of dances
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fugue
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one voice - Not human voice-
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concerto
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instrumental solo,
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concerto grosso
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instruments solo, with orchestral accompaniement
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Claudio Monteverdi
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credited for writing one of the first operas
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Antonio Vivaldi wrote tongs of what
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concertos for everything from flutes, violins, bassons
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Johann Sebastian Bach
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1685-1705
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Georg Friedrich wrote what
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oratorios, operas, almost everything
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Period of Enlightenment
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Classical Era
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The classical era orchestra
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violins, violas, incuding double bass, horns, all brass. but tubas not yet invented with timpani
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Opera Buffa
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comic opera
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sonatas
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a form and also genre of musi where there is an instrumental feature with piano accompaniement
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who were the classical era composers in the first viennese school?
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Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang amadeus mozart,Ludwig Van Beethoven
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Sturm and Drang
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more emotion in the music
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Rubato
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means stealing time
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Ludwig Van Beethoven
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wrote symphony 9 when he was deaf,
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How many symphonies did beethoven write?
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9
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Franz Schubert and what country
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most famous for vocal works -- German
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Song Cyle -
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a collection of songs with a single threat.
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Hector Berlioz
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first major composer that didnt play or compose. Wrote symphonie Fantastique (about the man who kills the woman- complete with hell story)
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idee fixe
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a melody that represents the woman
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dies irae
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laten for day of wrath - played when someone dies
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Claude Debussy
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write piano works "reflections on the water"
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Dmitri Shostakovich
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soviet composer, used alot for USSR propoganda,wrote opera "Lady Macbeth of Ratsenk"
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Dmitri wrote what symphony?
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no. 7 - "Leningrad"
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Bela Bartok
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hungarian famous painist.
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Aaron Copland
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wrote stuff for motion pictures,
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Igor Strawinsky
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russian born, but spent time in france, his music was so different that a riot broke out
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Atonality
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no tonal center
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The 2nd Viennese School composed of
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Arnold Shoenonberg, Anton Von Webern, Alban Berg
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Aleatory
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chance music, roll of the dice, left up to the performers
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John Cage
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Sonata I for Prepared Piano
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Minimalism
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taking on one figure and repeating it. (Steve Reich with 6 marimbas)
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improvisation
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make up music on the spot, melody on the spot
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syncopation
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when notes are off the beat
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ragtime
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popular dance that incorporates alot of syncopation
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Scott Joplin
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most well known for rag time music
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most famous for dixieland and new orleans style
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Louis Armstrong
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2 pioneers in Big Band Swing
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Benny Goodman, and Duke Ellington
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2 pioneers in Bebop
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John Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker Bird
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