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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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romantic style characteristics |
- individuality of style, stark sounds, program music - pallet of sounds expands, more harmonies -pitch either high or low -dynamics soft or loud -piccolo, octobase used |
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program music |
music without words that tells a story |
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life of composer in romantic period |
were more freelance and didn't work for single person |
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Franz Schubert |
- mastered art song (over 600) - played in coffeehouses and brothels - used poetry as inspiration & set to music -"Erlkonig" |
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strophic music |
same music for each verse and repeats |
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thorough composed music |
each verse has own music |
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modified strophic |
hybrid between strophic and thorough composed -some repetition and some unique music |
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song cycles |
collection of art songs, usually from the same poet -21 was common number in collection |
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Erlkonig |
-by Schubert -thorough composed art song -originally a poem -tells story of boy dying as father rides w him on horse and "Erlkonig" is Grim Reaper |
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Robert Schuman |
-started journal about composers and music (best work?) -line music critic -pianist |
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piano cycle |
sets of piano music |
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Estrella |
Robert schuman's sketch of music of his first fiance |
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Frederic Chopin |
-music is known for difficult piano etudes and using rubato *Etude in C Minor= revolutionary |
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rubato |
"borrowed time" -music stretches and speeds up -in nocturnes important |
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etude |
study piece, addresses technical difficulties of instrument |
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how did industrial revolution change piano? |
-piano now made of steel so could be played harder (dynamics expanded) |
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Program Music (types) |
1 concert overture 2 incidental music 3 symphonic poem 4 program symphony |
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concert overture |
instrumental piece, stands alone, has story |
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incidental music |
fills gap between scene and act |
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symphonic (tone) poem |
invented by Franz Liszt single movement work tries to depict literary story work in music |
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program symphony |
multi-movement |
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Berlioz's "symphonic fantastique" |
-final love letter to his love (stalkee) Harriet Smithson, fantasy while on opiods - ide'e fixe: character of Beloved (Smithson) movements: passion a ball scenes in a field march to scaffold witches Sabbath |
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Felix Mendelssohn |
revived Bach's music decades after his death *violin concerto* he connected 3 movements S-F-S writes out cadenza and moves to after development |
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nationalism in music |
making music to represent each individual country inspired by folk music and dances |
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Beetrich Smetana |
father of Czech nationalism music "The Moldau" |
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Dvorak |
end of Romantic, Czech national blurs lines between czech nationalism and exoticism interpreted American music: New World Symphony |
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pentatonic symphony |
5 note scale used in world cultures- non Western |
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Peter Tchaikovsky |
Russian nationalist public servant, conservatory, then composer *Ballets: Swan Lake, Nutcracker benefactor: Nadeshda von Meck |
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Johannes Brahms |
traditionalist(not nationalist) friend w Schumann (and wife) lullaby composer |
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Giuseppe Verdi |
nationalist aimed operas at humiliating aristocracy (hapburgs) -wanted democracy "Rigoletto" |
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Giacomo Puccini |
exoticism verismo "La Boheme" girl w tuberculosis dies opera |
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verismo |
realism in music |
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Richard Wagner |
German Nationalist used god-like characters in operas -ring cycle: his opera style, 4 hrs leitmotif: musical ideas to represent a character and reoccur inspo for Narnia, Lord of Rings |
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chromatic harmony |
uses chords containing tones not found in the prevailing major and minor scale |
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rubato |
slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo |
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Modern Era Characteristics |
things other than instruments used to make music atonality, poly tonality, impressionism |
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atonality |
without tonality or key |
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poly tonality |
two or more keys played at once |
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impressionism |
parallels simplest poetry movement in France blurs line in music, have to assume |
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Debussy |
pentatonic, whole tone scale helps blur lines "Afternoon of a Fawn" ballet came from opera in France |
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Igor Stravinsky |
La Sacre du printemps- the rite of spring primitivism: primitive rhythms basson plays at begin. in high register |
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Neoclassic |
New Classical (Baroque) form 1917- |
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1st Viennese School |
Haydn Mozart |
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2nd Viennese School |
Schoenberg students Berg and Webern |
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Arnold Schoenberg |
expressionism, atonal, Sprechstimme twelve tone system Pierrot Lunaire |
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expressionism |
stark sounds, intensive subjective emotion |
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Sprechstimme |
speech voice, sing talking |
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twelve tone system |
systematic way to create music Shoenberg tone rows never repeat, follows fuge element element,retrograde, inversion, retrograde inversion |
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Albah Berg |
student of schoenberg atonal "Wozzeck" opera w ww1 soldier w PTSD |
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Anton Webern |
student of Schoenberg atonal music not much musical output |
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Bela Bartok |
refused to write for Nazi Germany
"Concerto for Orchestra" game of pairs, showcases all instrument not tonal or atonal closer to tonality |
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Charles Ives |
tone cluster: play all keys on piano at once American composer and created life insurance agency stark music |
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Amy Beech |
first American composer to achieve international acclaim husband made limit music: touring, money, composing "The Years at the Spring" |
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George Gershwin |
one of most famous American composers Broadway musicals Porgy and Bess brought jazz music to classical stage "Rhapsody in Blue" wrote in all genres |
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William Grant Still |
wrote for every genre feuded w/ Gershwin over if stole part of Afro-American Symphony |
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Aaron Copland |
personifies "American" sound of music 3 ballets: Billy the kid, Rodeo, Appalachian Spring set Gettysburg address to music (A Lincoln Portrait) set history to music got caught up in Mccarthy trials: communist |
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music after 1945 |
12 tone system used chance music minimalism movement electronic music |
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chance music |
five note scale put notes on scale then draw from hat role dice to determine tone |
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minimalism movement |
return to tonal composition, repetitive, harmonically pleasing, quotation of past music |
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electronic music |
sounds created out of computer generation |
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John cage |
created slight chance music in sonatas and interludes for prepared piano: stuck objects into piano in specific places to make sound like percussion instrument |
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Edgar Varese |
electronic music "Poeme electronique" gave inspo for sound effects in movies |
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Ellen Zwilich |
ties old and new sounds Concerto Grosso combines Handel and own style minimalism |
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John Adams |
minimalism/processed music: repeating measures over and over "short ride in a fast machine" |
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Leonard Bernstein |
"westside story" wrote pieces about important events started as a conductor |
