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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What three composers were aware of each other in the classical period? |
Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven |
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Did Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven have friendly relationships? |
Yes |
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Describe Haydn's stylistic differences from Mozart and Beethoven! |
He followed mold of Bach, he was a servant who wrote for aristocracy, did what was asked! |
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Describe Mozart's stylistic differences! |
Mozart was a child prodigy and genius, music came naturally, first successful (mostly) free lance musician. |
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Describe Beethoven's stylistic differences! |
Never worked for aristocracy directly, made living as free lance composer, performer, and teacher, agonized over compositions. |
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What was Beethoven most well known for? |
Symphonies, after his death composers avoided writing symphonies due to a fear of comparison to Beethoven's greatness. |
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What piece of Beethoven's contains a 4 note motive described as "Fate knocking on the door? " |
Beethoven's 5th symphony |
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Describe Beethoven's 5th symphony! |
New edition of the trombone and thematic unity in all movements. |
2 new items added in symphonies. |
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describe the length of Beethoven's 9th symphony and 2 points which made it stand out. |
Beethoven's 9th Symphony lasted 13 minutes. there were voices in the final movement and there is a combination of genres seen as genius. |
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Was Beethoven a skilled pianist? |
Yes |
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Beethoven composed pieces, piano sonatas that contained huge contrasts. What piece of his is famous for this? |
"Pathetique" Sonata #8 |
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How many movements does a classical symphony usually consist of? |
4 movements |
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A typical sequence of the four movements that make a classical symphony is described as what? |
1.) a vigorous, dramatic fast movement. 2.) a lyrical slow movement. 3.) a dance like movement such as a minuet. 4.) a brilliant or heroic fast movement. |
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What is the typical form of the first movement? |
The first movement is usually in the opening movement and is almost always in sonata form. Usually the most dramatic and exciting. |
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What is the typical form of the 2nd movement?? 9) |
This movement, by and large, is in either sonata form, ABA fo2rm, or theme-and-variations form |
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What is the typical form of the 3rd movement and the classical symphony? |
The third movement is generally a minuet and trio which may be and a moderate or fairly quick tempo. |
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What is the typical form of the 4th movement in the classical symphony |
The 4th and final movement of a classical symphony is most often a Sonata or Sonata-Rondo form. |
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What city was the main musical hub during the Classical period? |
Vienna |
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What language was Mozart's opera, "Marriage of Figaro" in? |
Italian |
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What language was Mozart's opera named, "Don Giovanni" in? |
Italian |
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What language was the opera of Mozart's named, "The Magic Flute" in? |
German |
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What texture was dominant during the Classical period? were there others present? |
Homophonic texture was dominant but some music may begin homophonically but then may change to a more complex polyphonic texture. |
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What is a sonata? ( describe this form of music) |
A term with multiple meanings. can be the form of a single movement, Orchestra or solo work. or can be an entire Multi movement work, solo instrumental work. |
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What are the four stages of the sonata form? |
Exposition - opening, Development - contrasting often turbulent Recapitulation - return to opening material Coda - extra ( really the end ) |
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What is an example of the sonata form, what piece of music? |
Mozart symphony 40 mvt. 4 |
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Describe the form of Theme and Variations. |
This form was used for an individual piece or a movement of larger work. Theme stated, then followed by a number of variations. Devices used to vary the theme. * rhythm, harmony, Key, accompaniment, countermelody. |
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Give an example of theme and variations form. |
Haydn symphony No. 94 2nd movement |
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Describe and discuss the forms of minuet and trio, Rondo! |
Common 3rd movement (dance related) form In 3/4 time Ternary (ABA) form * A- minuet, B- trio, A- minuet Rondo * returning main theme (ABACADA) |
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Give an example of minuet! and trio form |
Mozart K. 525 3rd movement |
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Give an example of Rondo form! |
Beethoven string quartet |
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Define and or describe the "Scherzo"! |
Same as minuet and trio but faster and more joking. |
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Define or describe sonata-allegro form! |
A form of a movement consisting of three sections of the sonata form consisting of the first three sections. the exposition, development and recapitulation. Often followed by a coda. |
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What instruments make up the string quartet? |
2 violins, viola and cello. |
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What instruments are used in a solo Sonata? |
Piano with solo instrument |
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What instruments are used in a piano trio? |
Violin, cello, piano. |
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What instruments are used and a string quintet? |
2 violins, 2 violas, and a cello. |
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How were dynamics used in the classical period? |
Crescendo and decrescendo |
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How did Beethoven change the classical symphony? |
He made it larger, full scale tour de force, turned 3rd movement into a Scherzo and used larger forces. he could use a choir in the background, added instruments and sound. |
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What piece of Beethoven's contained the 4 note motive described as, "Fate knocking on the door "? |
Beethoven's "5th symphony." |
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What makes Beethoven a bridge to the Romantic period? |
The massiveness of emotion of his compositions. (Themes, modulation, etc.) basically starts romanticism. |
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What was Beethoven's last symphony ever written? |
His 9th symphony |
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Which Beethoven's Symphony was written for a famous figure? |
His 3rd symphony was written and dedicated to Napoleon but when Napoleon started behaving violently Beethoven scratch his name off of the dedication. |
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Describe the musical career of Joseph Haydn. in terms of music and his societal roles. |
Haydn was born in Austria. started music lessons at 5 years At age. at eight years age he was a choir boy in Vienna. He performed on the street when his voice changed, and taught lessons. he was a court composer in 1761 in Hungary. he worked there 30 years, traveled to Vienna often. In EsterHazza Hungary he conducted orchestra, compose music, and was a coach vocalist. His stability of work and opportunities to have compositions performed were good. he became famous all over Europe and traveled to London after Esterhazy's death. |
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What were Hayden's societal roles and accomplishments in London? |
He wrote twelve symphonies, received an honorary doctorate from Oxford, enjoyed freedom and recognition as a famous musician in London. he returned to EsterHazza in 1795 and was required to write a mass every year by the prince. |
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Describe Haydn's music! |
He used popular melodies, especially in dance inspired movements. liked musical jokes. Most famous for numerous symphonies, over 100. wrote vocal music, but instrumental music is most famous. surprise symphony and trumpet concerto. |
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Describe the musical career of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart! |
Child prodigy, son of famous violinist. spent childhood touring Europe as a performer. keyboard virtuoso, great improvisar. natural talent, could copy music after one hearing. wrote first symphony at 8, first opera at 12. developed friendship with Haydn. Learned about composing and music profession from him. despised life as a servant to court. Moved to Vienna to freelance. at times very successful, (Marriage of Figaro). Could not manage money, so he died poor. died while writing Requiem Mass. |
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What were Mozart's operas known for? |
Having dramatic and comical sections. comedic style became popular and is known as opera buffa. Well developed and deep characters are a staple of his operas, different from norm. |
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Describe Beethoven's career, musical career and his societal roles! |
Beethoven was born in Germany. son of a musician. plays for Mozart at 16 years of age in Vienna. He moved to Vienna and studied with Haydn. He became a renowned virtuoso performer in Vienna. he refused to perform for rude aristocratic audiences - he demanded respect. he was viewed by the public as a genius. He started going deaf at age 29. this DID affect his musical style. he wrote " Erioca symphony" for Napoleon. he changed the name after Napoleon declared himself Emperor. Made a living selling compositions. was paid by aristocracy in Vienna Tuesday there rather than move elsewhere. |
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What was Beethoven most well known for? |
Symphonies |
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FYI |
after Beethoven's death, composers avoided writing symphonies due to a fear of comparison to Beethoven's greatness. |
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What is significant about Beethovens 5th symphony? |
New addition of trombone and themematic unity in all movements. |
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What is significant about Beethoven's 9th Symphony? |
It is 13 minutes long, voices in final movement, and combination of genres seen as genius. |
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How was Beethoven and regards 2 piano sonatas? |
Skill as pianist apparent. pieces contain huge contrast - example: pathetique. |
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How did these three composers relate to one another? |
They were aware of each other, had friendly relationships, stylistic differences. *Haydn - followed mold of Bach, servants road for aristocracy, did what was asked. *Mozart - child prodigy and genius, music came naturally, first successful mostly freelance musician. *Beethoven - never work for aristocracy directly, made living as free lance composer, performer, and teacher, agonized over compositions. |
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Describe composer Rossini! |
Italian composer, most famous for Opera. played harpsichord, triangle, horn, and cello. started writing operas in early teens. nicknamed the "Italian Mozart" for song like melodies. by 23 he had retired to his home in Bologna near Venice. contracted to write 1 opera each for two theaters in Naples. The Barber of Seville and the Gillaume Tell. Most famous opera composer at Barber of Seville theater. At the Guillaume Tell, there was a comic opera. Overture foreshadowed Romantic era. entire opera lasted 4 plus hours. he wrote 39 operas. |
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What is a classical concerto? |
There is a soloist and orchestra. dialogue between soloist and orchestra. three movements - fast, slow, fast. Cadenza * usually unaccompanied section for the soloist to show off. |
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Give one example of a classical concerto! |
Haydn trumpet concerto 3rd movement |
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The classical era is also known as what? |
The age of enlightenment. The caste system was ending with more widespread middle class. |
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The term "Classical" refers to what? |
Greek and Roman influence Anything with lasting appeal, not just orchestral music We use the term classical for this time period. |
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_____________ music is prevalence, simplicity and balance. |
Homophonic |
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Why is homophonic music prevalent and the classical era? |
Equality of sections Clarity of melody vs accompaniment style= reaction to complexity and density of Baroque Extension of style popular at the end of the Baroque. |
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Name some musical characteristics in the classical era! |
Sudden changes in mood * within a piece or movement homophonic texture prominent memorable melodies * borrowed folk tunes Crescendo and decrescendo become common Piano becomes popular * replaces harpsichord Basso continuo is gone * music written out for amateur performers |
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What are the four groups of instruments included in the orchestra? |
String, woodwind, brass (no trombone), and timpani |
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Standard orchestral form has what 4 movements? |
Symphony Fast, slow, dance related, fast Contrasting melody, style, and character Tension belts through contrasting sections and resolved at the end. |
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