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157 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where did music first begin?
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Ancient Greece
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What does 'democracy' mean?
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'People'
From Greek word 'demos' |
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Who was the famous philosopher that thought music was essential?
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Plato
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Where is the Parthenon?
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Greece
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Who was the second to begin music?
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Romans
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What did the Romans make music for?
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Marches for the army
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Which period did life center around church and work?
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Middle Ages
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Which period was everything serious?
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Middle Ages
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What is The Mass?
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Main part of worship
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When was the Mass created?
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Middle Ages
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What language was The Mass in?
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Latin
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What are the 2 sections of the Mass?
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The Proper & The Ordinary
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What was the Proper used for?
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Special Occasions
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What was the Ordinary used for?
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All year long.
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What was the Mass for the dead called?
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Requiem
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What are the 5 parts in The Ordinary?
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Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
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What is liturgy?
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order of worship
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What does vernacular mean?
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in Native language
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What was music devoted to in the Middle Ages?
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To the worship of God
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What is a Gregorian Chant?
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Music of Middle Ages
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What was hand lettered and decorated by Monks?
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Gregorian Chant
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Describe Gregorian Chant
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Non metrical rhythm
No meter Monophonic Restrained mood Sung by priests & monks Modal Scales |
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What were the dates of Medieval Music?
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1100-1450
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What period was a time of great scholarship in cathedrals & universities?
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Medieval Times
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What time was there an emphasis on being involved in the community
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Medieval Times
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When was chivalry began written about
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Medieval Times
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When did polyphony began being used?
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Medieval Times
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What is polyphony?
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Two lines of music being sung
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What is organum?
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Kind of polyphony they had in Medieval Times
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Where was polyphony started?
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Notre Damn Cathedral
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Where is Notre Dam Cathedral?
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Paris, France
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What is a drone?
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steady, continuous sound
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What is a Motet?
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First example of secular music
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What is secular music?
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Music about anything besides the church
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When did secular music start?
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Medieval Times
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What are troubadours?
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Traveling poets, composers of secular music...romantic poems set to music.
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What is an estampie?
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12th century dance in triple meter and fast tempo.
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When was the estampie developed?
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Medieval Times
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When was the Renaissance Period?
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1450-1600
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What does Renaissance mean?
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Rebirth
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Where was the artistic center of activity in the Renaissance period?
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Venice, Italy
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Where did artists originate?
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Venice, Italy
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Where is St. Mark's Cathedrale?
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Venice, Italy
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What is a Renaissance Motet?
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A unified (sacred) piece
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Who is Palestrina and where was he born?
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Sacred composer of Renaissance, also an organist...born in Rome
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What does A Capella Mean?
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To sing without music or accompaniment.
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What was the main form of music in the Renaissance period?
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Madrigals
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What were madrigals about?
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Love-sentimental & erotic
Sung in vernacular language...similar but different than a motet. |
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Where were madrigals sang?
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Courtly, social gatherings
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Where were madrigals created?
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Italy
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What is text painting or word painting?
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Music attempts to depict words being sung.
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Who started madrigals after the italians?
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English
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What were the Renaissance instruments?
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Lute & Harpsichord
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When was Bass added?
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Renaissance period
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When was the Baroque Period?
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1600-1750
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What does Baroque mean?
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means grotesque, in bad taste
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What are the 3 characteristics of the Baroque Period?
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Grandious Dimensions
Love of Drama Religious Intensity |
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Grandiose Dimensions
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fond of large & grandious
Pipe organ Big architecture |
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Love of Drama
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Opera
Oratorio Cantata All three sung |
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Religious Intensity
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Strong feelings for church
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What were some intellectual activities during the Baroque Period?
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Newton's theory of gravity
Calculus & Geometry Movement of planets |
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In what period did everyone want to be educated?
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Baroque Period
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What were the most sought after positions in the Baroque Period?
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Organist & Choir Master
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What is polylchoral or antiphonal singing?
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One group of singers answering the other.
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Where was polychoral developed?
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St. Mark's Catherdral
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Who paid for music in the Baroque Period?
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Kings and Queens
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How many musicians were there in Bach's family?
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60
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What were some intellectual activities during the Baroque Period?
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Newton's theory of gravity
Calculus & Geometry Movement of planets |
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How many opera houses were there in Baroque Period
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6
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In what period did everyone want to be educated?
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Baroque Period
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What is improvisation?
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Making up music on the spot.
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What were the most sought after positions in the Baroque Period?
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Organist & Choir Master
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What are the characteristics of Baroque Music?
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Homophony
Recitative |
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What is polylchoral or antiphonal singing?
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One group of singers answering the other.
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Where was polychoral developed?
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St. Mark's Catherdral
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Who paid for music in the Baroque Period?
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Kings and Queens
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How many musicians were there in Bach's family?
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60
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How many opera houses were there in Baroque Period
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6
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What is improvisation?
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Making up music on the spot.
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What are the characteristics of Baroque Music?
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Homophony
Recitative |
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What is homophony?
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Solo line w/ music
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What is a recitative?
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Song in speech like fashion.
Short |
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When was the recitative developed?
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Baroque Period
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What are terraced dynamics?
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Sudden changes in dynamics
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What are the characteristics of a recitative?
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Short
Metrical Rhythm Major & Minor keys Tonal Center Modulation Terraced Dynamics |
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What is a oratorio?
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Lengthy musical work for voices and orchestra on a RELIGIOUS theme
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What is the most famous oratorio?
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Handel's Messiah
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What is an Aria?
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A featured solo in an oratorio that is longer than a recitative
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What does virtuoso mean?
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Someone who has great skill
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What is Every Valley Shall Be Exalted?
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An aria from the Messiah
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What are the 2 meanings of Chorus?
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A group of people singing
A section to be sung in a large work |
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Who wrote the most famous oratorio?
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Handel
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What is the most famous oratorio?
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Handel's Messiah
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What was the Messiah about?
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Based on the life of Christ
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Handel
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German by birth
Lived in London Became British Citizen Very loved by English |
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Where is Handel buried?
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Westminster Abbey
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What is Westminster Abbey?
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Most famous church in London where the king & queen worship
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What is a chorale?
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German Lutheran Hymn
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Who is Martin Luther?
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He is protestant who broke from catholic church
Composer |
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What is a Cantata?
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Any sizable work, sacred or secular, that is sung.
Short oratorio |
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What is an opera?
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Drama that is sung
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Where was opera started?
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Florence, Italy
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What are 5 elements of Opera?
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Voice & Roles
Ensembles Full orchestra that accompanies Libretto Staging |
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What is Libretto?
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Script or text of opera
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Who is Claudio Monteverdi?
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most influential composer of opera
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Where was Claudio Monteverdi born?
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Cremona, Italy
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Who became music master at St. Marks at the age of 45?
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Monteverdi
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Why do people enjoy opera?
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Beautiful music
Ear & eye appealing Fantasy |
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Who is Henry Purcell?
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English composer
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Where was Purcell born?
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England
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Who started composing at 8
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Purcell
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Where is Purcell buried?
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Westminster Abbey
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What were the instruments of the Baroque period?
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Organ
Harpsichord Trumpet Violin |
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Who is Pachelbel?
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German who composed Canon in D
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What is a Suite?
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Set of musical instrumental works for dance
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What is a Sonata?
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Instrumental form...pieces to be played
means to play |
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Who composed for the violin?
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Corelli
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Who is Antonio Vivaldi?
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Composed Four Seasons
was born in Venice |
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What is a Fugue?
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Instrumental piece where the main theme is imitated
for organ & harpsichord |
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What is a Toccata?
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Piece for organ that is played rapidly
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About Bach
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26 kids
2 wives From Germany Grew blind Composed Toccata & Fugue in D Minor |
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Who do we give credit for preserving and writing the earliest music we have?
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Monks
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In the Medieval period the ______________was an example of sacred music
and the ______________________was an example of secular music. |
Gregorian Chant; Motet
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What was the most important invention of the Renaissance period?
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printing press
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Name the two important artists of the Renaissance period.
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DaVinci & Michelangelo
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What is DaVinci's most famous painting
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Mona Lisa
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Who painted the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican in Rome?
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Michelangelo
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Who created the "David" sculpture that is housed in Florence, Italy?
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Michelangelo
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Who is the most famous composer of the Renaissance period?
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Palestrina
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What is a madrigal?
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A free, secular, imitative work for voices.
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What composer from England wrote madrigals?
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Thomas Weelkes
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What are the two popular dances in the Renaissance period?
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The Pavane and the Galliard
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The artists of the Baroque period were fond of what?
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Grandiose dimensions
Love of drama Religious intensity |
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What instrument was given prominence in the Baroque period?
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Pipe Organ
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Who designed the Piazza San Pietro or St. Peter's Plaza?
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Bernini
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What is a fresco?
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A ceiling painting that is painted into the plaster while it is still fresh
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What is the most famous fresco and who painted it?
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The Sistine Chapel in the Vatacan in Rome; Michelangelo
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What was the major cultural center in the Baroque time?
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Venice, Italy
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Where did musical activity occur in Venice?
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St. Mark's Cathedrale
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Who brought polychoral singing to its peak?
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Giovanni Gabrieli
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Baroque composers wrote massive amounts of music...how did they do it?
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Worked very hard
wrote in shorthand used themes had young boys copy didn't fuss over detail |
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What was the size of the Baroque orchestra?
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Small (about 20 players)
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What is the purpose of a recitative?
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To express the text.
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Tell about Messiah
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53 sections
19 choruses 16 arias 16 recitatives 2 sections for orchesta |
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What is the most famous section from the Messiah?
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Hallellujah Chorus
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What is a passion in music?
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Like an oratorio except that its subject is the suffering of Christ on the cross.
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Where was the first opera house located?
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Venice, Italy in 1637
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What is a suite?
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A series or set of musical works that belong together.
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What is a sonata?
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An instrumental work for one or a few instruments
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What are the two types of Baroque sonatas?
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Church Sonata
Chamber Sonata |
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What is a church sonata?
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serious and included some thoughtful music and quite a bit of imitation among the melodic lines.
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What is a chamber sonata?
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consisted largely of stylized dance music and was lighter in character.
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Name the 3 instrumental forms of the Baroque period.
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The concerto grosso, the solo concerto, and the fugue.
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Which Baroque composer wrote the best known concertos of the Baroque period?
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Vivaldi
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What is Vivaldi's most famous concerto called?
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Four Seasons
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Who wrote the most famous tocatta ever written?
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Bach
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What is a prelude?
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A contrapuntal piece for organ built on a chorale melody...usually played before another work.
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