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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Western Music began in ____
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Middle Age
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______ was the place that all medieval arts and music concentrated
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Cathedral
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Most surviving music from Medieval period was for christian liturgy (roman catholic) known as _______
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Liturgical music
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In medio-evo, the church attempted to eliminate non-religious music, ____________
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secular music
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Texture
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Monophony
Polyphony Homophony |
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1 line.
1 person singing or all people singing together |
Example of monophony
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There is a change of phrases and they are all interlaced together
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Homophony
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Each part is independent. There are different sounds happening at the same moment.
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Polyphony
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Text Setting
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Syllabic
Neumatic Mellismatic |
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One pitch per syllable
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Text setting: syllabic
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small # of pitches per syllable
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Text setting: Neumatic
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large # of notes per syllable
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Text setting: Mellismatic
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Group of settings
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Direct
Responsorial Antiphonal |
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No group alternation.
Ex. A group is singing. |
Group setting: Direct
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Ex. alternation of a soloist and a choir.
Different groups alternating but they have different sizes |
Responsorial
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Alternating groups/choirs
Different groups of almost the same size |
Group setting: Antiphonal
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Relationships btw the lines for polyphony texture
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Parallel motion
Contrasting motion Oblique motion |
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Characteristics of a chant/plainchant/ Gregorian chant
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Language: Latin
Texture: Monophonic Notation: 4 to 6 staff lines. Rhythm: Free, no regular pattern of strong beats vs weak beats. Melodic system. Church modes |
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Church modes
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Dorian (D mode)
Phrygian (E mode) Lydian (F mode) Mixolydian (G mode) |
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Medieval Genres
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Chant
Mass Organum Secular song Mutet |
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Types of mass
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Ordinary
Proper |
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Examples of ordinary masses:
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Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sactus, Agnus Dei
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Most important development in western music history
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Polyphony
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Began in 10th century and flourished in 12th and 13th centuries, specially in Paris
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Polyphony
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First genre under polyphony texture
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Organum
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Two main composers in the organum genre.
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-Leonin/Leonius
-Perotin/Perotinus |
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Collection of organums is known as _____
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Magnus Liber Organi (Great Book of polyphony)
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Characteristics of medieval organum
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-Main musical line: chant
1-3 additional newly composed Latin Rhythmic Harmony |
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Medieval secular topics
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courtly love, often unrequited love
stories of saints, praise frienship political topics |
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Main composers/poets/ performers of the medieval secular songs were the ________
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Troubadours
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Cleffs
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Trebble cleff
Bass Cleff |
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Trebble cleff =
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G clef
(G above middle C) |
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Bass cleff =
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F cleff
F below middle C |
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Time signature
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Top # means # of beats per measure
Bottom # means what kind of note |
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Double barlines
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To end a musical phrase
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Barlines
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For the end of each measure
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Accidentals
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Flat sign
Sharp sign |
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Standard frequency of the pitch A =
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440 Hz
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Interval
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Distance btw two pitches or two notes
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Whole note
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Maximum distance btw two pitches
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Whole note =
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2nd major
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Half note =
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2nd minor
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Half step
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Minimum distance btw two notes
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Medieval Music
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400-1400
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Earliest Western Music Sample
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It was in 8th and 9th centuries
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In medio-evo, church promoted music that is _______
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simple, vocal, and with not instrumental accompaniment
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________ is most instrumental and dance music
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Secular music
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Dorian
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D mode
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E mode
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Phrygian
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Lydian
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F mode
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Mixolydian
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G mode
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Began in 10th century and flourished in 12th and 13th centuries,specially in Paris
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Polyphony
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From southern France in 12th century
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Secular songs
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Genre that flourished in 13th and 14th centuries
Mainly in France and Italy |
Motet
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Main composers of Mutet
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Philippen de Vitry and Guillaume de Machault
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Who wrote Ars Nova?
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Philippen de Vitry in 1320
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Who wrote the first complete ordinary mass?
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Guillaume de Machault. The mass was called Mess de Notre Dame.
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Renaissance
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1400-1600
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Re-birth of arts and culture of Rome and Greek cultures
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Renaissance
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General characteristics of renaissance music
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Smoother and homogeneous sound, with less contrast
Avoid dissonances, simplify rhythms, usage of intervals of 3rds and 6ths Polyphony was based on IMITATION. PAIRED IMITATION soon became a style There are OVERLAPPING CADENCES |
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Renaissance genres
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Mass- both ordinary and proper
Motet- in LATIN, more lines/parts Secular songs-- continuation from medieval music as a new subgenre MADRIGAL |
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New sub-genre of the secular songs of renaissance
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MADRIGAL
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Compositional techniques
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-Imitation/ imitative counter point/ point of imitation
-Create a definite relationship btw lines/parts and movements Overlapping cadences Text panting/word painting |
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Early Renaissance composers
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--John Dunstable
--Guillaume Dufay |
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Middle Renaissance composer
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Josquin Deprez
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G cleff
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Trebble Clef
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F cleff
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Bass Clef
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Who developed imitation or imitative counterpoint?
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Josquin Deprez
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Main composer of late renaissance
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Pierluigi da Palestrina
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Who satisfied the Council of Trent' requirements?
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Pierluigi da Palestrina
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Late Renaissance Motet
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All Latin
Usually 4 voices Usually sung by a small choir rather than a soloist Same text for all voices; sacred and latin Mix of imitation (polyphony and homophony) Very expressive and rich text/word painting |
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Late renaissance secular songs
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Distinct national styles
Could be vocal or instrumental sub-genre: madrigal |
