Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Aaron Copland (1900-1990)
|
Influenced by Jazz
Strongly Tonal in his Music Polychordal, polyrythms Changing meters and percussive orchestrations "Billy the Kid" "Rodeo" Cowboy Prairie Spirit |
|
|
George Gershwin (1898-1937)
|
Wrote "Swanee" in 1920
"I Got Rhythm" jazz influence Chords Wrote Pop Tunes Crossover artist "Rhapsody in Blue, An American in Paris, Porgy and Bess" |
|
|
Igor Stravinsky (1882-1871)
|
Known for Rhythmic Variety (Complex & unpredictable)
Russian "The Firebird (1910), Retrushka (1911), The Rite of Spring (1913)" "The Rite of Spring" not well received Influence of America's Jazz Age in "Ragtime and Piano-Rag Music" |
|
|
Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
|
Incredibly Egotistical
Influenced by Beethoven 1843 - Court Conductor in Dresden 1848 - Fled Germany due to coup wrote "Art Work of the Future, Opera and Drama" Invented the Wagner Tuba Invented Music Drama Invented Leitmotivs Anti-Semite "Ring of the Nibelungs" Built new opera in Bayreuth |
|
|
Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
|
Schubertaides - Playings with close friends
Wrote over 900 works 600 Art Songs, 8 symphones and chamber works Studied with Antonio Salieri |
|
|
John Adams (b.1947)
|
Post 1950 Composer
|
|
|
Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)
|
German Jew
Converted to Christianity Proclaimed as "new" Mozart Composed over 100 by age of 20 Sparked new interest in Bach in 1829 with performance of "St. Matthew Passion" Died 6 months after beloved sister Known for 5 symphonies, oratorios, a violin concerto and incidental music to Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" |
|
|
Fanny Mendelssohn
|
Beloved Sister of Felix Mendelssohn
Died in May of 1847 |
|
|
Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)
|
"Symphony Fantastic" Won Grand Prize of Rome
Music diminished thereafter Program music - The Story of his love for Harriett Smithson Became clearing house for contemporary music |
|
|
Gustav Mahler (1860-1911)
|
Bohemian Jew
Strict Conductor of Beethoven, Wagner and Mozart Difficult compositions to perform Obtained directorship of Vienna Opera House Accepted appointment at Metropolitan Opera and New York Philharmonic "Symphony of a Thousand" Revival by Leonard Bernstein |
|
|
Claude Debussy (1862-1918)
|
Linked Romantic to 20th Century
Attended Paris Conservatory of Music Pianist for Madame von Meck Won Prix de Rome in 1884 Influenced by music of Wagner and Asia "Prelude to the Afternoon of a Fawn" Borrowed money for the luxuries that he craved Developed and died of cancer, 1918 in Paris |
|
|
Krystof Penderecki (b. 1933)
|
Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima
Auschwitz Oratorio The Devils of Loudun Conductor Professor at Yale |
|
|
Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
|
Hungarian, large hands
Court musician at Esterhazy palace Composition lessons with Antonio Salieri Heard Nicolai Paganini play and practiced in years of seclusion Most famous works composed in Weimar between 1848 and 1858 |
|
|
Frederic Chopin (1810-1849)
|
Great Piano Virtuoso
"Poet of the piano" Exclusivity for the Piano Most were practice pieces (Etudes) Etudes of Chopin were of high performance quality |
|
|
Peter Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)
|
Great Melodist
Attended St. Petersburg Music Conservatory First success "Romeo & Juliet Fantasia" Support patron (Madame von Meck) 1890-Meck withdrew support because he accidentally met her Presided over opening of Carnegie Hall Symphonies 4, 5, 6, "Nutcracker, Swan Lake, and 1812 Overture" |
|
|
Charles Ives (1874-1954)
|
America's First Great Composer
Church Organist at 13 Yale University at 20 Yankee Doodle, Columbia the Gem of the Ocean, America 1947 - Pulitzer Prize for his Third Symphony (1911) |
|
|
Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)
|
Most important composer of Expressionist Music
Studied only Violin Influenced by Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Wagner and Mahler Romantic style until age 25 Twelve-tone system Music largely not understood by audiences |
|
|
Ellen Zwilich (b. 1939)
|
Important Post-1950 Composer
|
|
|
libretto
|
Literally (little book)
Text used in an extended musical work |
|
|
leitmotiv
|
Signature melodies used to describe a character, object or idea
|
|
|
gesamtkunstwerk
|
German for universal art work
|
|
|
art songs
|
Vocal music composition, solo singer with accompaniment
|
|
|
minimalism
|
characterized by a steady pulse, clear tonality, and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns
|
|
|
universal artwork
|
Wagner form of Opera
Libretto, music, choreography, and scenery as one |
|
|
program music
|
instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea or scene
|
|
|
The Art-Work of the Future
|
One of two important writings of Wagner during his 12 year exile
|
|
|
Opera and Drama
|
One of two important writings of Wagner during his 12 year exile
|
|
|
etude
|
Practice piece for musicians
Chopin's were so grand they are commonly performed by other musicians |
|
|
polyrythmic
|
more than one rhythm at the same time
|
|
|
expressionalism (1910-1939)
|
fascination with the unconscious of people's inner feelings, rather than outward appearance
|
|
|
primitivism
|
artistic movement which originated as a reaction to the Enlightenment
|
|
|
polychordal
|
More than one Chord played at once on top of each other
|
|
|
ring cycle
|
Cycle of music dramas written by Richard Wagner
|
|
|
impressionalism (1890-1950)
|
focused on suggestion and atmosphere rather than strong emotion
Occurred in reaction to excess from Romantic movement |
|
|
music quotation
|
when musical quotes from past compositions are highlighted in a new work, often with new harmonies
|
|
|
Duke Ellington (1899-1974)
|
One of America's Greatest composers
Residency at Cotton Club spawned Swing Band Some members stayed with him 20-42 years Explored many tone colors in music composition First Jazz composer to utilize the crescendo/diminuendo "Take the A-train, Mood Indigo, Sophisticated Lady, It Don't Mean a Thing" |
|
|
Scott Joplin (1868-1917)
|
Most famous composer of Ragtime
"Maple Leaf Rag, The Entertainer" |
|
|
Fletcher Henderson (1897-1952)
|
African American jazz pianist
Had many impacts as a composer in Big Band Jazz and Swing Music |
|
|
Charlie Parker (1920-1955)
|
Major contribution to the Bebop Style
Improvisations densely packed and played at lightning speed |
|
|
Original Dixieland Jazz Band
|
1917 - Made the first Jazz recording
|
|
|
Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)
|
"Father of Jazz"
First greatest soloists in Jazz history Used swing on 1/8th notes Syncopated selected rhythmic figures Broke away from melody and used chord progression Model trumpet player Scat singing |
|
|
Bessie Smith (1894-1937)
|
fist stars of vocal blues
"Empress of the Blues" "Down Hearted Blues" Featured in short film "St. Louis Blues" |
|
|
Glenn Miller (1904-1944)
|
Best selling artists 1939-1942
Leading one of the best known Big Bands Died in plane crash |
|
|
Stephen Foster (1826-1864)
|
Father of American Popular Music
"Oh! Susanna, Camptown Races, Swanee River, I Dream of Jeanie With Light Brown Hair, Beautiful Dreamer" |
|
|
Joe Oliver
|
Leader of Joe Oliver's Creole Band
Band that Louis Armstrong joined in 1922 |
|
|
Benny Goodman (1935-1945)
|
King of Swing
Famous for precision of his band Evening radio show "Let's Dance" Hired black musicians like: Lionel Hampton, Charlie Christian, and Cootie Williams Performed at Carnegie Hall in mid-1930s, gave credit to the Jazz music art-form |
|
|
Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993)
|
Major jazz trumpet virtuoso of 40s-50s
High register playing Afro-Cuban musical interest "Gillespie Syndrome" - Inflated Cheeks |
|
|
The Beatles (b. 1959)
|
Gained great popularity with a few years
Famous for using non-rock tone colors Such as: orchestral instruments and ethnic instruments Very independent from the main stream and creative |
|
|
The Rolling Stones (b. 1960s)
|
English band whose blues, R&B and rock and roll-infused music became popular during the "British Invasion" in the early 1960s
|
|
|
Ragtime
|
Precursor to Jazz
Syncopation Key component "ragged-time" Scott Joplin most famous ragtime composer |
|
|
Cotton Club (1927-1931)
|
where Ellington's band held residency
Where Ellington began to use the Swing Band in new unprecedented ways In Harlem |
|
|
Blues form
|
First Line: I, I, I, I
Second Line: IV, IV, I, I Third Line: V, V (or IV), I, I C-scale blues: C, Eb, F, F#, G, Bb & C |
|
|
Syncopation
|
A playing of notes off the beat
Unexpected rhythm |
|
|
Scat
|
To sing music without lyrics
Armstrong first to make this popular |
|
|
Piano Pounder
|
One who does nothing but practice piano
Gershwin |
|
|
Bebop
|
Faster Tempo than Swing
Few Rests 3-5 Musicians (piano, bass, drums, sax/trumpet Form ABA (Tune, Improv, recap) Bass is the time-keeper Contributers: Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie |
|
|
"Hot Five"
|
Louis Armstrong's first jazz recording band held under his name
typical New Orleans jazz band, consisting of trumpet, clarinet, and trombone backed by a rhythm section |
|
|
Middle Ages
|
Mainly choral or a capella
Plainchant customary from 400-ca.1000s No independent bass line No harpsichord, clarinets, trumpets, saxophones, or tubas |
|
|
Renaissance
|
Mainly choral or a capella
Often imitative polyphony present Bass line is more detectable No harpsichord, clarinets, trumpets, saxophones or tubas |
|
|
Baroque
|
Instrumental and choral settings common Much less common is a capella Instruments used alone (w/out voices) beginning to be more common
Recitatives and arias very common in many of the vocal forms Harpsichord and organ used heavily (still no clarinets, saxes or tubas) Basso continuo (continuous bass) present |
|
|
Classical
|
Instruments used alone (w/out voices) even more common than Baroque Piano used as main keyboard solo instrument; harpsichord use diminished No basso continuo Texture is largely homophonic
Standard orchestral sound identifiable (woodwinds, brass, strings, percussion) Still no saxes or tubas, though |
|
|
Romantic
|
Instruments used without voices more common, with exception of opera Piano, violin used as main solo (concerto) instruments No basso continuo
Texture is largely homophonic Melodies are longer, not as balanced as in Classical era Standard orchestral sound identifiable (woodwinds, brass, strings, percussion), although the tuba is now in use |
|
|
20th Century
|
Melody is not always easily identified
Rhythmic irregularity often present Sometimes tonal center is not detectable (atonal music) Percussion section used a great deal Saxophones join the orchestral fabric |
